Electoral Plutocracy: Biases, Causes, Consequences – PLUTOBIAS

PLUTOBIAS explores the concept of "electoral plutocracy", where wealthy citizens exert disproportionate influence in democratic processes. While many studies have focused on the political power of wealthy individuals through lobbying and donations, this project systematically examines how electoral systems may favor wealthier voters.

The project addresses three key dimensions: participation bias, where wealthier citizens vote more; representation bias, where electoral systems convert wealthier citizens’ votes into seats more effectively; and coalition bias, where parties backed by wealthier voters are overrepresented in governing coalitions.

The research is divided into three Work Packages (WPs). WP1 will develop the Electoral Plutocracy Index (EPI) to measure electoral inequality across countries and historical periods, using data from large-scale surveys and local-level electoral results. WP2 will analyze the institutional factors that contribute to electoral plutocracy, with a focus on France, where wealthier citizens may use second-home registrations to influence elections. WP3 will assess the consequences of electoral plutocracy on redistribution, the success of populist parties, and political instability, including civil wars and coups in developing countries.

Methodologically, the project draws on a multidisciplinary team of researchers in economics and political science. In addition to academic publications and conference dissemination, the project will create an online platform for data visualization, enabling international comparisons. It aims to support discussions on electoral reform and democratic governance in order to promote more inclusive political systems.