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Interplay between synaptic adhesion molecules neurexins and neuroligins and neuronal activity in the control of synapse differentiation and specificity – SynSpe
Understanding how the numerous neuronal connections (synapses) develop and differentiate in order to process complex information in the brain remains an important challenge in neurobiology. Strikingly, even subtle impairments in the synaptic organization can lead to severe diseases such like autism
The secondary adaptation to an aquatic life Contribution of bone microstructure – AQUABONE
Organisms are subjected to both intrinsic and extrinsic constraints during their life-time as well as in an evolutionary context. According to the constructional morphology model of Seilacher (Seilacher, 1970; Gould, 2002; Cubo, 2004), biological features are considered as the outcome of phylogeneti
New Insights in the Tropism and Dissemination of Encephalitic Paramyxoviridae – NITRODEP
«We focus on two related Paramyxoviridae, measles (MV) and Nipah (NiV) virus. Both viruses could infect neuronal cells and cause lethal encephalitis as well as relapses or late onsets up to years after infection. Because most of the studies have been performed post mortem, viral neuro-pathogenesis r
Evolution of a genetic regulatory network: from birth to death. – EvolNet
The past 20 years of comparative developmental genetic studies have shown that blueprints of animal forms are encoded in complex gene regulatory and signaling networks constituted of evolutionary conserved components. Theoretical models stipulate that morphological evolution largely results from mod
Dual catalysis for sustainable enantioselective synthesis – PLURICAT
Organocatalysis and notably aminocatalysis requires the use of highly reactive substrates for example possessing a carbonyl function (ex: aldehyde). Unfortunately, this function is often prepared from alcohols by the use of stoechiometric oxidants and in addition it often lacks of stability. To bypa
Wide-Field Adaptive Optics Systems for Today’s Astronomy and Beyond future Instruments – WASABI
Over the 20 past-years, Adaptive Optics [AO] for astronomy went from a demonstration phase, to a well-proven and operational technique. Since the first astronomical AO systems were opened to the community in the early 1990s, numerous technical achievements have been accomplished, a multitude of nove
Recognition and diffusion of visualities in the German speaking social sciences – VISUALL
The 1990ies have consequently witnessed the birth of a new scope of research called “ Bildwissenschaft” that tries to combine the disciplinary perspectives of art history and philosophy (Bredekamp, 2003), together with anthropology (Belting, 2004), as well as media studies, psychology and cognitive
Attraction and Selection in Cultural Evolution – ASCE
In recent years, important theoretical advances have clarified the relationship between biological and cultural evolution and raised the question of the balance between selection and directed transformations occurring during transmission. Ideally, transmission chains experiments, in which the result
Molecular and cellular basis underlying the humanization of synaptic development – SYNHUMA
Our understanding of the human brain and its diseases is impeded by our ignorance of how the mechanisms underlying synapse formation have evolved during humanization. Here, we propose to study novel evolutionary mechanisms that operate at the synapse and have the capacity to modify the morphological
Spins in solid for MEtrology and QUantum Information processing – SMEQUI
The proposed project is both timely and ambitious in that it will benefit from the expertise in the field of cold single ion physics and also proposes to promote NV centres to a level that may surpass these systems. To achieve such ambitious tasks, several technical challenges are going to be tackle
Fluid-Particles Interactions in Stratified Environments – F-PISE
The main objective of this proposal is to address the problem of fluid-particles interactions in stratified fluids, setting this project at the crossing between two important branches of fluid mechanics, suspension dynamics and stratified flows. We aim at providing groundbreaking results on three di
Decoding the mechanotransduction: spatial and temporal coordination of the mechanical and biochemical signals – DeMeTr
We address the mechanotransduction from an original point of view: the cell is considered as an active and dynamic system which filters and transforms signals in a bidirectional manner. The main goal of this fundamental work is to decode the mechanotransduction, in other words to underst
Magnetoelectric coupling through Electromagnons in Multiferroic compounds – EMMA
In this proposal we want to approach the problem from an exotic standpoint: the electromagnon. We will use the potential of infrared and neutron scattering to yield crucial information on the interplay between structural (phonons), magnetic (magnons) and electromagnon excitations under various exter
Characterisation of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes and fluxes from high-resolution in situ dissolved gas analysis – Implications for biogeochemical cycles, mineral resources and impact studies. – HOTPLUME
Natural production of gases (hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), light alkanes) in the Deep Ocean has raised much interest among scientists, governments, and industries. Dissolved gases emanating from the deep seafloor represent indeed a potential sustainable
Francisella-induced eicosanoid production in the lung: Connection with the inflammasome and consequences on the innate immune responses. – FRANNOÏD
One key feature of the innate immune system is the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which are localized at the i) cytoplasmic or endosomal membrane or ii) in the cytosol. The innate immune response against intracytosolic pathogens
Modelling and ObservatioNs of Asymmetric magNetic Reconnection – MON-ANR
Our objective is to better understand the phenomenon of magnetic reconnection, when it occurs at the Earth magnetopause. In particular, we wish to understand better how the plasma and field asymmetries present at the magnetopause, and in many other astrophysical systems, modify the well known proper
Quantum Foundations in the light of Quantum Information – QIFound
Regarding the uncertainty principle, the objectives of the project can be grouped in two main directions. A first goal will be to derive new uncertainty relations—and in particular, entropic relations that quantify the information that is gained or lost (because of disturbance) during a quantum meas
Role of activating KIRs in inflammatory rheumatisms linked to HLA-I – NKIR
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with an important role in normal outcome of pregnancy, anti-viral immunity and anti-cancer immunity. Advances in the field suggest that human NK cells can adopt adaptive-like behaviours. Our recent results show that the Killer Immunoglobulin-like rece
alpha-v-beta-8 integrin expression regulation and its role in immune homeostasis in the gut – InteReg
In this project, I propose to (1) identify the factors that condition ß8 expression in DCs, (2) to understand the molecular mechanisms that finely control its regulation, and (3) determine the conservation of these mechanisms in Humans. These studies will provide a detailed understanding of how DC
Pseudo-Aristotle at the Crossroads of Traditions and Knowledge: the Influence of Liber de causis on Western Culture (from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century) – LIBER
Le projet a deux objectifs majeurs : (1) identifier et rendre accessible par des études et des éditions un patrimoine culturel européen méconnu, transmis dans les archives et les manuscrits médiévaux conservés dans des bibliothèques souvent peu exploitées (notamment en Pologne et République Tchèque)
Structures of Supramolecular Assemblies by Solid-State NMR : the Type II Secretion System Pseudopilus and the Bacteriophage Inner Tail Tube – SUPRAMOL
Biological supramolecular assemblies constitute a challenging target for Structural Biology as they don’t crystallise, required for X-ray crystallography, and are not soluble, necessary for applying solution NMR. Solid-State NMR (SSNMR) represents a powerful alternative to study these assemblies in
Evolution of complex life cycles in Metazoa, Leptomedusae as a new model – MEDUSEVO
Many marine animals have complex life-cycles alternating between pelagic and benthic forms, and involving both sexual and asexual reproduction. Surprisingly, molecular and morphological phylogenetics have shown that, in many of these marine animal groups, particular stages of the life-cycle have bee
Torsors, Vector Bundles and Fundamental Group Scheme – TOFIGROU
The title of the proposal - Torsors, Vector Bundles and Fundamental Group Scheme – is composed by two apparently distinct objects, torsors and vector bundles, and a third object merging them. The link between torsors and vector bundles is clear at least since it is known that there is a bijection be
Coupling between hydrodynamics and surfactant transport at interfaces: experimental and numerical challenges. – HydroSurfDyn
The two phenomena involved (hydrodynamic and transport of surfactants) are widely studied in the literature, but their coupling is still often misunderstood. The boundary conditiosn for the flow are not known a priori, but they must be determined from the coupling between the flow and the surfactan
SEAmount and FRONTal megathrust Tsunami and Earthquake Risk Assessment. – SEAFRONTTERA
The two last giant earthquakes of magnitude > 9 of the 21st century (2004 Sumatra and 2011 Japan) took both scientists and government agencies by surprise because such large earthquakes were not expected but, most of all, because they ruptured frontals sections of megathrust commonly thought to slip
Synthesis and study of new magnetic hybrid materials : Toward liquid crystal systems – MagnLC
During the last decades, molecular magnetic materials have received much interest for their original physical properties and their potential applications. Indeed, these compounds can exhibit uncommon or previously unknown magnetic properties compared with traditional inorganic materials. These prope
Nonlinear Geometries and Applications – NoLiGeA
It turns out that understanding how well a metric space can be embedded into a particular type of Banach space is a fundamental problem in many diverse fields.It is quite remarkable that fundamental subfields of quantum physics and theoretical computer science share a common feature. For instance,
The role of bacteria in the production of MHC-related odors in birds – BactOdo
Animal bodies house trillions of bacteria, which can influence host behavior in ways that have far-reaching implications for host ecology and evolution. Recent studies have revealed surprising roles for bacteria in shaping behaviors across many animal taxa. But questions remain and recent perspectiv
Digital DNA nano arrays – DigiNANO
This project aims at combining DNA nanotechnology and top-down nanofabrication to pattern DNA nanostructures over large areas with nanometer precision. It is expected that these structures will allow the detection of biological DNA and RNA with single-molecule precision and high-throughput. Due to t
Structural and morphological variability of Potato Starch and associated biological processes toward bio-plasTic production – PoStaTic
The production of potato starch based bio-plastic in the “Région Nord Pas de Calais” forms clearly part of a sustainable development approach. The development of such approach is now concretized by the creation of the PIA-supported «Institut Français des Matériaux Agrosourcés« (IFMAS) one of the few
A genomic approach to identify postzygotic mutations in mosaic developmental diseases involving the skin – MOSAIC
A large number of developmental diseases may be caused by mutations that occur early during embryogenesis (called "postzygotic" mutations) and result in a mosaic organism composed of genetically different cell populations despite their common origin. Among them, a large group of sporadic development
X and gamma Photon Activated Drug Delivery in Deep Tissues – PADD