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Cerebellar sensori-motor processing for shaping spatial code and drive navigation – sensocode
La cognition spatiale requiert l’intégration de nombreuses informations sensorielles utilisées pour se localiser dans l’espace et se diriger vers un but. Le traitement multimodal de ces informations implique l’interaction fonctionnelle de nombreuses régions cérébrales permettant la formation d’une r
The hidden functional organization of the motor and sensory cortex in humans – MotorSensation
The primary motor (M1) and sensory (S1) cortices contain the most detailed maps of our body in the cerebral cortex. Though their somatotopic organization clearly includes separate representations of the face, the arm and the leg, within each of these major representations there is a considerable ove
CORTICAL SIGNALS FOR THE CONTROL OF HAND GRASP: FROM MONKEYS TO ROBOTS – GRASP
L’objectif final de ce projet est de développer une interface cerveau-machine (ICM) pour le contrôle d’une main robotique par une modulation volontaire de l’activité corticale des aires motrices chez le singe macaque. Dans ce but, ce projet implique l’utilisation d’une main mécanique dont l’architec
Micro-RNAs as new candidates for chronic pain regulation – MirPain
The incidence of chronic pain is estimated to 20-25% worldwide, thus making a real public health problem. However, few patients with chronic pain obtain complete relief from the drugs that are currently available, and more than half report poor relief. Long-lasting modification in pain transmission
TREK ion channels, targets involved in pathophysiology and pharmacology of pain – TREK PAIN
The reference products used in the treatment of nociceptive or neuropathic pain are old and their benefit/risk ratio is not optimal. The objective of the project is to propose a new concept of analgesics by exploring the role of TREK channels in the pathophysiology and pharmacology of chronic pain.
Control of synaptic transmission by astroglial connexin 30: molecular basis and impact for pathological network activity – AstroConSyn
Astrocytes play an active role in cerebral physiology by dynamic interactions with neurons. Our project aims to unravel how Cx30, one of the two main subunits of astroglial gap junctional channels, regulates neuronal activity in normal and pathologic conditions. Using a multidisciplinary approach co
Neuronal control of local cerebral blood vessels: An optogenetic and fast ultrasound imaging study. – Brainvasc
The objective of the present proposal is to understand the functional role of specific subset of cortical interneuron in the neurovascular coupling. The physiological model used is the whisker to barrel sensory cortex in the mouse. In the present proposal we wish to study ensemble of similar interne
Genetic analysis of extracellular synaptic scaffolds in C. elegans. – SYNAFOLD
At chemical synapses, efficient neurotransmission requires the spatial congruence between the neurotransmitter release sites in the presynaptic boutons and the receptor localization in the plasma membrane of the post-synaptic cell. We uncovered that synaptic clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AC
GluRdelta orphan receptors are gated by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: unraveling new mechanisms of glutamate receptors functions – DELTAplane
The aims of this project are to: 1) assess that group I mGluRs gate recombinant and native cerebellar and cortical GluRdelta channels 2) identify signaling and scaffolding partners involved in mGluR-GluRdelta crosstalks and provide insights into the dynamics of their interactions. 3) establish th
Pharmacological modulations of BDNF-TrkB signaling in depression and chronic pain models – TrkBDNFarmod
Le projet TrkBDNFarmod a trois objectifs: 1 - La synthèse de molécules capables de moduler l’activité du récepteur « TrkB » qui joue un rôle majeur dans la plasticité cellulaire. 2 - La sélection au moyen de divers essais in vitro des molécules les plus prometteuses en termes d’efficacité et de séle
Multi-scale analysis of adult neurogenesis – NeoSyn
Nous caractériserons d'abord les étapes moléculaires qui concourent à l'intégration des neurones nouvellement générés dans les circuits neuronaux matures. Par des techniques d'électrophysiologie combinées à l'imagerie dynamique, nous proposons de décrire les modifications fines des microcircuits ind
Signalling network associated with serotonin 5-HT6 receptor : a new target for the treatment of cognitive deficits in neurological and psychiatric disorders – SERO6COGNET
Schizophrenia is characterized by a broad range of cognitive deficits including deficits in attention, working memory and executive function. These deficits severely compromise the quality of life of patients and their socio-professional integration. However, they are poorly controlled by currently
Functional analysis and live imaging of neuronal networks involved in drosophila olfactory learning and memory – MemoNetworks
La drosophile est un organisme privilégié permettant l'étude de nombreuses fonctions physiologiques grâce à des outils génétiques en constante évolution. Le cerveau de la drosophile adulte comporte de l'ordre de 100 000 neurones et est hautement structuré. En particulier il existe un centre de la mé
Learning under uncertainty: functional dynamics of information processing within frontostriatal circuits – LU2
Learning and acting under uncertainty requires above all to estimate the uncertainty level and to evaluate outcomes provided after each action. Understanding these mechanisms would provide powerful solutions to any problem requiring the construction of autonomous artifacts (robots) capable of managi
Organizational principles of interareal cortical networks – Core-nets
The present proposal aims to make interspecies comparisons of quantitative models of large-scale cortical systems (macaque, marmoset and mouse). In macaque we have full connectivity data for 27 out of a total 83 cortical areas. Brain-wide high-frequency scanning in retrograde tracer experiments re
Optogenetic Investigation of Gliotransmission – OptoGlia
Brain tissue includes two main cell types, neurons and glia. Neurons are viewed to be the information-processing cells. Astrocytes that form a heterogeneous cell population were thought to exert a supportive role and occupy 20-50% of the grey matter. OptoGlia will focus its attention on protoplasmic
Functional imaging of spontaneous activity in the Drosophila brain Mushroom-Bodies and their circadian regulation – FlyBrainImaging
This project aims to study the physiological role of the neuronal calcium activity occurring in various brain structures, as the Mushroom-Bodies, in Drosophila. Using a new in-vivo brain imaging approach, that we have developed in my lab, we can visualize in continuous over the long period (several
Control of dopaminergic systems through the GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area – tVTA-DA
Discovering new brain structures can improve our knowledge of brain functions and pathologies. Our project concerns such a structure, the tVTA, which may be a control center for dopaminergic systems. These systems are implicated in neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as Parkinson's disease,
Plasticity, Assembly and Regulation of axonal Initial Segment – PARIS
L’objectif général de ce projet, développé selon quatre axes, consistera à analyser les mécanismes dynamiques régissant l’assemblage et la maintenance du SIA in vivo et in vitro et à examiner leurs implications dans les processus de plasticité du SIA. Nos découvertes récentes font émerger un nouvel
Investigating the dyslexic brain – DYSBRAIN
Developmental dyslexia is a common learning disorder affecting about 3 to 7% of the population, and defined as a specific deficit in reading acquisition that cannot be accounted for by low intelligence, poor educational opportunities, or obvious sensory or neurological damage. Previous research has
The cortical mechanisms of associative learning and of its deficits in Fragile X syndrome – CorteXcell
... ... ... ... A major mechanism involved in learning is the re-wiring of neuronal connections between and within brain structures. Memorizing sensory stimuli that are predictive of emotionally relevant events is crucial for survival because it allows individuals to avoid aversive situations and ap
New approaches to monitor and promote myelin repair in animal models of multiple sclerosis – PROMOMY
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease characterized by inflammation and death of oligodendrocytes, cells that produce the myelin sheath, which is essential to the efficient conduction of nerve impulses. Available treatments are designed to limit inflammation but are ineffective against n
BrainInSight : a brain-computer interface to decode attention and perception in real time – BrainInSight
At the junction between neuroscience, computer science, and robotics, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and neural prosthetics have emerged as a tremendous opportunity to build on core scientific knowledge to alleviate the life of patients with motor disabilities (Lebedev and Nicolelis, 2006; Nicolel
Functional Properties of Cerebellar Interneuron Networks – INNET
In recent years, a wealth of information has been gathered on the cellular and synaptic properties of the neurons participating in the cerebellar network. Paradoxically, global understanding of the functioning of the network is still largely derived from work carried out in the 1960's and 1970's, an
Function and mechanism of action of Robo3 receptor in the nervous system – Robo3.1
Most animal species are symetric, with a right and left side and this also applies to the central nervous system. However, during development, millions of axons cross the midline of the brain. These crossed connections play a key role in the coordination and integration of the sensory informations c
Homeoprotein transduction, critical periods and cortex plasticity – BrainEver
The cerebral cortex adapts to its environment during developmental windows called critical periods. Critical periods present variable onset dates and durations, depending on the cortical region considered (vision, audition, language, social interaction...). Once critical periods have been closed, pl
Migrating transient neurons and their “signaling” function in building the cerebral cortex in mammals – TransiCor
Numerous neurological and psychiatric illnesses are due to alterations of developmental processes. We have identified in mice subtypes of neurons derived from progenitors expressing the Dbx1 transcription factor, which have unique characteristics of high motility and transient life span during the
Regulation of presynaptic Kv1 channels: role of LGI1 and implications for intrinsic plasticity and epilepsy – REPREK
Neuronal circuits in the brain adjust their properties through regulation of both synaptic transmission and intrinsic neuronal excitability. Dysfunction of these regulations may lead to abnormal electrical activity and neurological deficits. Our proposal concerns the physiological and pathophysiolog