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fault instabilities monitored by innovative optical instruments – FIMOPTIC
The objective of the project is to improve the detection and mechanical characterization of the sources of the weak strain signals caused by transient instability of fault zones, which are sometimes precursory to large seismic ruptures. For this, we will take advantage of the optical interf
The DEEP ISOTOPIC CYCLE of HYDROGEN – H-DEEPISO
Hydrogen is the most abundant element of the Solar system. On Earth, it has formed H2O, building up the oceans by degassing of the deep Earth interior. Hydrogen is also a ubiquitous proton impurity in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) composing the Earth upper mantle. Furthermore, it plays an ess
Preservation of Cell Surface Biosignatures of Halophilic Microorganisms Exposed to Space Radiation on Exocube – ExocubeHalo
If life exists or has existed elsewhere in the solar system it was likely as microorganisms. Exobiology studies to date have therefore focussed primarily on the habitable range of conditions tolerated by terrestrial microorganisms using binary measures of survival (live/dead). Now a new era of resea
Coupled beHavior undErstaNdIng of fauLts : from the Laboratory to the fiEld – CHENILLE
The understanding of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of fault zones in naturally fractured reservoirs is of fundamental importance for a variety of societal and economic reasons, such as the sustainable energy transition for the safe use of natural resources (energy storage, nuclear wa
Building a 3D reference model of the lithosphere beneath metropolitan France – FRlitho3D
FRlitho3D aims to provide a reference geophysical model of the lithosphere beneath metropolitan France, building on recent efforts to increase the density of seismological observations, notably in the framework of the RESIF national research infrastructure. All the models developped will target a ho
Detecting transient strain along the Haiyuan fault, China – X-STRAIN
Continuous improvement of seismological and geodetic instruments is the key for unraveling the physics of earthquakes. Since the 2000’s, the maturity of dense geodetic networks and satellite observations has revealed the complex interplay between slow fault slip and devastating earthquakes. Our unde
Identifying slow slip dynamics combining seismic and geodetic data – SSDYN
Slow slip transients occur in various parts of the world and more particularly in subduction zones, where they play a major role in the seismic cycle by releasing part of the strain accumulated during the interseismic period, but also because of their interactions with large, potentially damaging ea
Bay of Biscay: a keystone for plate kinematics – FirstMove
As two tectonic plates drift away, the movements prior to oceanic crust formation are ill-constrained. We are convinced that the kinematic models of plate movements could be significantly enhanced by focusing on the first ten million years of divergence. During this phase of transition several probl
Active tectonics and deformation mechanisms in fold-and-thrust belt : learning from Southwestern Taiwan – Active-SW
Active-SW project gathers a multidisciplinary team of 25 members from four France partners and three Taiwan partners with balanced scientific and financial contributions and complementary skills. The project aims to gain knowledge on the deformation mechanisms that accommodate tectonic stress in the
3D radiative transfer in cloudy planetary atmospheres: applications to Titan, Venus and Mars – RaD-net
The main objective of this project is to develop a full 3D radiative transfer (RT) model in spherical geometry for the study of horizontally heterogeneous planetary atmospheres and surfaces. This versatile 3D RT model will be used to perform two primary scientific objectives regarding Titan: a) unve
PREparing Jupiter's SyStem Exploration with JWST – PRESSE
The 2020 decade will see the launch of two space missions, NASA's Europa-Clipper and ESA's JUICE, dedicated to the in-depth exploration of the Jupiter system. This broad international interest in studying the Jupiter system is fuelled by i) Jupiter's status as an archetypal gas giant planet, ii) Io'
Tropical megafires triggered by tektite producing extraterrestrial impacts in the Quaternary – ET-Megafires
We propose to characterize the response of continental biosphere to large extraterrestrial impact craters, in particular the megafires they may have generated, associated with the melting of the Earth surface. Studying the impact glasses ejected at long distance, called tektite, will be instrumental
SCANning volcanoes with ground and airborne geophysics: toward an integrated 4D modeling of VOLCanic dynamics – Scan4Volc
Imaging the causal relation between observable, deep volcanic structures and manifestations in surface remains a great challenge in volcanology in order to prevent eruptive hazards. The behavior of volcanic systems (magmatic and hydrothermal) strongly depends on physical parameters, efficiently addr
Lithospheric structure and fluid circulation in subduction system: impact on slip mode – FLUID2SLIP
Fluids, lithology and structure are known to play a major role in shallow fault slip modes but there is a major issue: Does one of them take precedence over the other two or are they linked? Are really fluids a key parameter? In recent years, studies in Japan, Costa Rica or New Zealand try to find t
Planet differentiation: an integrated Experimental and numerical Modeling of Germanium isotopic fractionation – PlanetGEM
How have planets in our Solar System formed and evolved to their present state? In the turbulent environment of the early Solar System, complex and successive stages of accretion-collision between asteroidal bodies resulted in the formation of molten silicate, leading to the segregation of metallic
The emergence of animal life in oxygen-depleted conditions: insights from U isotopes – DYSOXIA
Complex life (e.g. animals) demands oxygen, and its emergence requires the transition from hostile, oxygen-free (anoxic) environments, to the well-oxygenated conditions we experience today. While our tools permit us to reconstruct the extent of extreme (anoxic or O2-rich) conditions, we currently la
Do Rock fault Asperities Melt or Abrade during earthquakes? – DRAMA
Seismic faults are the places where earthquakes happen, by a sudden release of the stress accumulated in the surrounding rock, sometimes with dramatic consequences. The fault then starts sliding, and numerous thermo-mechanical phenomena occur within this interface.The DRAMA project aims to improve o
The Width of Valleys – WIVA
Rivers flow in valleys of varying width, which they have not only deepened but also widened over time. The widening of river valleys (without a glacial legacy) occurs when the river comes into contact with the edges of the valley. This occurs during extreme floods but also through slow lateral migra
Feldspathic rocks on Mars: VNIR spectral properties and formation mechanisms from terrestrial analogues and Mars remote sensing data analyses – MARS-Spec
Recent signatures of feldspar minerals in Mars VNIR spectroscopic data raise questions about the origin of the host rocks and about the true nature of Mars earliest crust. These detections could indicate the presence of anorthositic rocks from a floatation crust, or felsic remnants of a continental
The Cr and Ni isotopic compositions of the bulk silicate Earth: implications for accretion and differentiation processes – ISOMELT
Delineating the chemical evolution of the Earth is fundamental to understanding planetary history. Metal-silicate segregation plays a major role in planetary differentiation but the conditions during core formation are still highly debated. Our understanding of the Earth differentiation processes is
Using underexplored accessory minerals to treat the AMNESIA of the Earth’s continental crust history – AMNESIA
Delineating the evolution of the Earth’s dynamics and the interactions between the different silicate reservoirs (crust, mantle) is key to understanding planetary differentiation and the conditions of surface habitability. Today, plate tectonic processes play a major role in creating and destroying
Modelling the phYsical and chemical Gradients of hydrothermal ALteration for warning systems of flank collapse at Explosive volcanoes – MYGALE
Flank collapse represents a significant volcanic hazard. Hydrothermal alteration is considered to promote volcano instability, but there are few data and models to robustly assess this hypothesis. MYGALE is a multidisciplinary and collaborative project that will combine laboratory measurements, geop
From rheology to plate break-up: from self-weakening to deformation localization in the lithospheric mantle – RheoBreak
The RheoBreak project aims at understanding the dynamical process of plate break-up, i.e. the generation of a low-viscosity plate boundary from a previously rigid plate interior. Based on preliminary results, we hypothetize that olivine ductile deformation can alone cause break-up at mantle-scale, t
EXoplanetary Atmospheric Chemistry at high Temperature – EXACT
The discovery of the first exoplanet 25 years ago brought astrophysics into a new era. Since then, several thousand planets have been discovered around other stars, providing proof, for the first time in the history of Humanity, that an immense diversity of worlds existed outside our Solar System. F
In preparation for the 1st study of OSIRIS-REx return asteroid samples – O-Return
Owing to a high-resolution cathodoluminescence systematic study of carbonaceous chondrites and NASA OSIRIS-REx returned samples, O-Return is a 4 years ANR project aiming at gaining new information on the conditions of formation (e.g. condensation, crystallization, annealing) of refractory inclusions