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Interactions between retroelements and host cells: From nuclear import to chromosomal integration – NiCiTy
Retroelements (retroviruses and long terminal repeats (LTR)-retrotransposons) replicate by reverse transcription of their RNA genome into a cDNA that is next integrated into host-cell chromosomal DNA, by the retroelement-encoded integrase. To accomplish a productive replication, the cDNA must traffi
Role of hemostasis during influenza infections – HemoFlu
The hallmark of severe influenza virus infections is excessive inflammation of the lungs. Platelets are activated during influenza, but their role in influenza virus pathogenesis and inflammatory responses is unknown. Objectives: To determine the role of platelets during influenza A virus (IAV) infe
Regulation of Immune Responses by Proteoglycan/Chemokine interactions: from structural to in vivo approaches – ChemImmun
The first part of the project focused in the deregulated homeostasis of B cell responses that were observed in Cxcl12gagtm/gagtm mice, where CXCL12 cannot become immobilized by binding to the extra-cellular matrix. The second part of the project extended the research on extra-cellular matrix/chemok
MALaria ARTemisinins RESistance – MALARTRES
For ten years, dramatically, emerging in western Cambodia Plasmodium parasites resistant to artemisinin. This molecule is the basis of all the antimalarial drug combinations in first-line, currently recommended by WHO. A major concern is that these resistant strains spreading in Africa, the continen
Exit and assembly of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses – EXAVIR
Viruses of the Archaea constitute an integral but unique part of the virosphere. A significant portion of archaeal viruses displays morphotypes — bottle-shaped, lemon-shaped, droplet-shaped, etc. — not known to be associated with the other two cellular domains, Bacteria and Eukarya. Even after a few
Molecular signature and function of Regulatory B cells in RSV infection – SyncBreg
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young infants leading to hospitalization and a risk factor for asthma development, whereas it leads to asymptomatic infection in older children and adults. Infants under 3 months of age that develop highly
Gut Microbiota-Host Interactome in Response to Intestinal Pathogen – CombInnate
The gut microbiota is composed of a huge number of diverse bacterial communities, but not all commensals are able to maintain protective immunity and energy harvesting from nutrients. Intriguingly, the intestinal microbiota is also thought to regulate virulence of enteric bacterial pathogens. Howeve
Ecoepidemiology of coronaviruses, from wildlife to the human population, and assessment of the emerging potential – EPICOREM
More than 60% of infectious diseases in humans are caused by pathogens likewise circulating in domestic animals and wildlife. Most of these pathogens are viruses whose genome is an RNA molecule. RNA viruses are characterized by their genetic diversity, a population structure in quasispecies, a high
IKKß kinase-mediated antiviral innate immunity in the model organism drosophila – IKAVIR
No changes since submission of the application in 2013 See attached report See attached report Majzoub et al (2014) Cell 159 : 1086-95 Goto et al (2014) J. Biol. Chem. 289 : 20470-6 Lamiable & Imler (2014) Curr Op Microbiol. 20 : 62-8 Viruses are the most abundant infectious agents on Earth, and
The cellular arm of innate immunity: functional characterisation of the Drosophila adult haematopoietic system. – ADHAEMOS
Like their mammalian counterpart of the monocyte/macrophage system, adult haemocytes participate in the cellular immune response. Yet, the limited description of the adult haematopoietic system hampers the study of these cells function in immune response or in other processes. The main objective of
Restriction of iron availability to pathogens: mechanisms and contribution to the host antimicrobial defense – RESTRICTIRON
Although we have shown the importance of activin B, the exact iron-sequestering mechanisms by the host are still imperfectly known. Our objectives are to determine the importance for the host anti-microbial defense of inducing activin B and hepcidin and of repressing ferroportin mRNA as well as the
Deciphering and Imaging Mechanisms Allowing Fast-Growing Pathogenic Mycobacteria to Acquire a Virulent Invasive Phenotype – DIMYVIR
M. abscessus is currently the most frequently isolated rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM) in human pathology and the major RGM involved in lung infections. It has long been recognized as having smooth (S) and rough (R) colony morphology, a phenotype that is influenced by the presence or absence of cel
Regulation of membrane traffic by Arf/Rab family G-proteins during filamentous growth and virulence in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans – CanDyMemb
Fungal noscocomial infections are a major and persistent health problem that has major repercussions for the quality of life, as well as patient morbidity and mortality. Increasing life expectancy is resulting in a dramatic rise in the population of severely ill, immune-compromised, in addition to p
Regulatory small RNAs as effectors of transcription-translation coupling in bacteria: the Rho connection – SmallRhose
Small non-coding RNAs make up a large family of ubiquitous regulators active in all domains of life. In higher eukaryotes, microRNAs participate in processes related to development, aging and disease. In prokaryotes, small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate mechanisms that promote adaptation to environmental cha
Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Lassa Virus Infection in Humans, a Model of Haemorrhagic Fever Syndrome. – Immono-Lassa
The impact of Lassa virus (LASV) on human populations is one of the highest among all viral hemorrhagic fevers causing several hundred thousand infections annually and resulting in thousands of deaths in Western Africa. The sizeable disease burden, the numerous imported cases of Lassa fever (LASF) i
Migration of CD8 T cells into the central nervous system – T cell Mig
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is a common and important feature in a large number of neurological diseases with etiology ranging from infectious or autoimmune to degenerative. The type of CNS inflammation, and the presumed relative contribution of immune cell types can greatly differ dep
Defining the mechanism of action of Basilic, a novel, lymphoid-specific protein essential for CD28 costimulation and Tregs development. – BASILIC
The CD28 Coreceptor is essential for T cell activation and development and function of regulatory T cells. CD28 has been studied extensively but remains poorly characterized. We propose a study of the protein interactome between three partners in this activation pathway: CD28-RLTPR-CARMA1. This stud
Role of the PML nuclear bodies-associated antiviral response in the latent herpes simplex virus type 1 genome patterns acquisition – VIRUCEPTION
Promyelocytic Leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) are major nuclear domains implicated in the nuclear innate/intrinsic antiviral response against viruses. The VIRUCEPTION project aims to study in vivo in a mouse animal model and in vitro in primary cell cultures, molecular mechanisms driving PML-NBs a