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Analysis of the heritability of epigenetic traces in clonality context – methylclonome
Epigenetic marks on genomic DNA over a limited number of generations are considered non-Mendelian heritability. This phenomenon is not related to transmissible mutations or changes in DNA sequence. Partly, they are produced by environmentally induced covalent binding of a methyl group to cytosine, w
Deciphering the link between the Auxin Transcriptional network and Floral fate determination – AuxiFlo
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying organogenesis is a central question in developmental biology. It is also important for agriculture, as it would allow production of species adapted to particular use or environment. In plants, organogenesis after germination is linked to the mainte
Strigolactone (and/or derived molecules) signalling pathways in land plants – StrigoPath
Strigolactones(SLs) repress shoot branching. They were previously known to be involved in symbiotic and parasitic interactions. This project aims to decipher the strigolactone signaling pathway(s) and to understand its evolution among land plants by combining different approaches: transcriptomics, S
Human LINE-1 retrotransposition complexes and genomic instability – RETROGENO
In this project, we aim to elucidate several steps of the retrotransposition mechanism in human cells that are still poorly understood. More importantly, our first specific objective is to identify cellular factors that are involved in the process of retrotransposition. Second, we are developing a r
G-quadruplexes structures and functions – G-QUAD
- demonstrate the formation of G quadruplexes in vivo, in particular there role in replication and genome instability -Establish the NMR Structure of several G quadruplexes Identify G4 specific ligands We observed genetic instability of certain G4 sequences carrying various internal size loops Ob
Cell size, a complex trait at the crossroad between metabolism and the cell cycle – Deep-in-Size
The first objective of our project is to position the known ~400 most extreme cell-size mutants in distinct pathways by using a large-scale epistasis approach. This is possible due to the development of highly efficient genetic approaches in yeast. Then representatives of each pathway will be carefu
From the genomics of the Gallus genus to the history of chicken domestication – DomestiChick
Changing scale in the molecular approach of chicken domestication by undertaking whole genome resequencing for several species is the major ambition of this project. Little is known of the history of chicken domestication at the genome level, in particular the relation with wild species of the genus
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in ciliates: proximal causes and long-term evolutionary consequences – INFERNO
Small RNAs are very often used in eukaryotes as genomic ‘immune systems’ to control transposable elements. They have also been implicated in non-Mendelian inheritance phenomena in a variety of organisms. We propose to use the ciliate P. aurelia to shed some new phylogenetic light on the evolutionary
DYNamics Of The Endocytic Proteome : a systemic perspective of trafficking and maturation – DYNOTEP
Endocytosis plays a major role in cell nutrition and signaling. As a consequence, defects in this complex process are associated with a variety of pathologies such as cancers and neurological disorders. Identification of novel therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing the impact of dysfunctions requi
Mechanisms preventing genomic instability during DNA replication – RepliCare
The RepliCare project is organized into four independent but interconnected tasks aiming at understanding how the initiation and the elongation of DNA replication are controlled by checkpoint kinases and epigenetic mechanisms, respectively. Task 1: Regulation of the replication program by the Mec1/
Formation and Integrity of paternal chromosomes in the zygote – ZygoPat
Animal development generally begins after the union of the sperm and egg genomes at fertilization. Zygote formation is a crucial step for the embryo and has remained relatively overlooked until recently. Notably, the fertilizing sperm nucleus must undergo a dramatic but poorly understood reorganizat
Integrative approach of secretion pathways in the mammary epithelial cell: molecular dissection of milk fat adaptability – MilkChEST
The project operates a unique biological material: the goat species in which a natural invalidation of the gene encoding the alphaS1 casein (CSN1S1) revealed a close relationship between mechanisms of biosynthesis and secretion of casein micelles and milk fat globules (MFG). «Defective« animals at t
Exploring radiotolerance of the Thermococcus gammatolerans archaeon with innovative genomic and proteomic approaches – GAMMATOLERANS
Thermococcus gammatolerans was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent and was shown to be the most radioresistant organisms known and isolated so far. It withstands a 30 kGy pulse radiolysis dose without any detectable lethality. Characterizing the mechanisms involved in its extreme radioresista
Meiotic recombination integrating chromatin and nuclear organization – MeiChrono
Defects in meiotic recombinatin are at the source of infertility or genetic diseases such as the Down's Syndrome. It has been shown that not only a sufficient number of exchanges is important, but also a correct positionning of these events along chromosomes, in oder to guaranty normal gametes produ
Primary and processed bacterial transcriptomes for deciphering regulatory networks – ReadRNA
The transcriptome corresponds to the RNA set present in a cell at a specific time; each profile is characteristic of the given growth condition. Transcriptome studies via tiling-array and RNAseq technologies are used to quantify a large number of genes and to identify novel transcripts such as antis
Regulation of RNA maturation and turnover by antisense RNA – asSUPYCO
Small non-codong RNAs play essential roles in the regulation of gene expression in all living organisms. In bacteria, these small RNAs (sRNAs) are involved in the adaptation to changes in environmental conditions, in stress responses and in virulence. They usually function by base-pairing with their
Cytosolic NADP-thiol systems in oxidative signalling in plants – CYNTHIOL
Despite intense interest, it remains poorly understood how the effects of oxidative stress caused by compounds such as H2O2 are mediated. A key candidate in transmitting oxidative signals is modified protein thiol/disulfide status, which is regulated by the NADPH-dependent glutathione and thioredoxi
Functional analysis of a new siRNA-dependent transcriptional gene silencing pathway that targets rapidly evolving genomic regions of the plant genome. – NERDPATH
In eukaryotes, chromatin packaging into a higher-order structure known as heterochromatin participates in numerous chromosomal functions, including chromosome transmission, epigenetic gene silencing, and suppression of recombination. In recent years, a major breakthrough in the study of epigenetic s