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Actin polymerization is vital for maintaining cell shape and integrity, establishing cell polarization, internalizing membrane vesicles and sensing environmental forces. During cell migration, lamellipodial and filopodial protrusions powered by actin polymerization push the cell membrane forward, wh

Alphaviruses cause severe acute and chronic disease in humans, including long-term debilitating arthralgia in the case of the epidemiologically most relevant alphavirus Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that has by now spread across four continents, affecting millions of individuals. In Latin America, CHIKV

Fast chemical synaptic transmission is at the basis of neuronal communication. It is mediated by the fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) containing neurotransmitter molecules with the presynaptic plasma membrane at the so-called exocytic active zone (AZ) facing post-synaptic sites, where post-synaptic

Identifying the sources of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) is one of the most pressing questions in high-energy astrophysics. The advent of high-statistics and high-quality data, most prominently obtained by the Pierre Auger Observatory, has radically changed our understanding of the high-ener

Magnetotactic bacteria orient in magnetic fields with the help of a dedicated organelle, the magnetosome chain, which acts as an intracellular compass needle. In this way, their swimming, powered by their flagella, is guided by the magnetic field; the bacteria can be understood as self-propelled com

Despite their simple cell architecture, prokaryotes have compartmentalized specific biochemical reactions into specialized and membrane-bounded structures that are similar to eukaryotic organelles. These organelle-like microcompartments are functionally diverse and complex, and uncovering the mechan

This project will identify and exploit novel transport mechanisms in complex antiferromagnets (AFs). We will focus on crystalline, topological, and anomalous origins of the spin Hall effect, spontaneous Hall effect (HE) and their thermal counterparts (Nernst effects), arising in part by the spontane

An increasing number of human diseases is associated with an altered intestinal microbiota (IM). The IM consists of trillions of microbes including viruses amongst which bacteriophages (phages) that predate on bacteria are the most abundant. Phages are important effectors and indicators of human hea

Decline in brain function, and the accompanying loss in cognitive abilities, is one of the most incapacitating consequences of aging. Although it is becoming clear that not all neural circuits nor brain functions are equally affected by aging, we still do not know the physiological characteristics t

To meet the ever-increasing electrical needs of our modern societies and in the absence of universal storage solution, any safe, clean and reliable way to store electricity could find a practical application whatever the energy scale considered. In this general context, fully organic batteries can p

The general objective of the project is to push the development of a laser-plasma accelerator operating at kHz repetition rate. We wish to bring high-repetition rate laser-plasma accelerators to a higher level of maturity by enhancing significantly their beam quality and more specifically their stab

The combination of the Silicon technology with III-V semiconductors is expected to have a major impact for the realization of high-volume / low-cost integrated circuits. Photonic chips based on the already mature Silicon photonics capabilities together with integrated III-V lasers or photodetectors

We propose to explore the influence of intrinsic molecular-level disorder on the structure and properties of self-assembled colloidal nanostructures made of block copolymers. Such structures are considered to have a huge potential in (bio)nanotechnology and medicine, e.g., as nano-scale carriers for

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools currently used in ORC design, based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models, are affected by many notorious flaws and uncertainties, and large-eddy-simulation (LES) or direct-numerical-simulation (DNS) methods are a promising tool for improving our f

The objectives of the project are: 1) Unambiguous identification and characterization of diverging genetic loci between the strains. Using a new population genomics approach, all loci diverging between the strains will be identified. The identified genetic variants will be classified according to

While application of catalytic proteasome inhibitors is hampered due to their toxic side effects, proteasome function might be modulated more specifically by interference with defined proteasome complexes. In the proposed project, we aim to explore the role and regulation of the alternative proteaso

Electron microscopy has traditionally been associated with the study of thin solid samples in vacuum. In the last decade, a few groups pioneered systems achieving nanometer resolution for liquid specimens. The broad applicability of liquid phase electron microscopy has driven a wave of interest as i

D is among the most abundant modified bases of the transcriptome, found mainly in cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNAs and occasionally in cytosolic rRNA, nuclear 5S RNA from rat, and chromosome-associated RNA. It might conceivably occur in other types of RNAs such as mRNA. Resulting from a redox react

Membrane proteins (MPs) play fundamental roles in biology because they control communication and material transfer within and between living cells and their environment. MPs account for about one third of all proteins encoded in the human genome and half of all drug targets. However, their extractio

The ultimate target is to establish AMTs as an essential unification ingredient of the theory of algorithms. To reach this we need to introduce new logics, which are based on isomorphism invariant operators, which can be evaluated efficiently on basis of the technique that we are aiming to capture.

Many geotechnical and environmental engineering problems, such as geothermal energy production or storage of fluids in deep formations, involve flow processes in subsurface fractured media. When two immiscible fluids coexist, the flow involves the displacement of the interfaces between them. This so

Driven by political as well as environmental goals and facilitated by technological advances, the use of renewable energies has steadily increased over the past years. The French government aims at up to 113 GW of installed renewable energy capacity by 2028 - more than double com-pared to 2017. Also

Resistance to antibiotics is a major worldwide challenge in the treatment against bacterial infections. There is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutics, and boosting the host immune system represents a promising alternative to antibiotics in the fight against infections in order to

High-performance computing (HPC) is crucial to advance computational science and engineering. In all modern computing systems, the performance gap between compute and memory continues to spread, particularly in the face of multi-core and accelerated systems. In consequence, the memory subsystem is

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is becoming increasingly important for the analysis of (intact) proteins due to its selectivity and high efficiency. This is especially the case when coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) since more sensitive interfaces for the CE-MS coupling are becoming available, as wel

Although insect herbivores and their host plants dominate much of terrestrial biodiversity, the factors that determine host plant specificity and host range of insect herbivores are incompletely understood. Biochemical adaptations of the larval stages to neutralize host plant chemical defenses are c

O 1: In vitro characterization of the plastid modifiers involved in NPMs and related PTMs (LEAD: GIGLIONE (CG, France). OUTPUT: i) Detailed molecular knowledge on plastid MetAPs, ii) identification of plastid KAT/NATs responsible of RbcL acetylations, iii) insights into pAPP in charge of RbcL N-ter

Carbonaceous aerosols are complex mixtures of constituents emitted directly to the atmosphere (primary emissions) or formed via gas-to-particle conversion. Up to 80% of the fine particulate matter is formed through atmospheric chemistry processes. Those processes are dominantly oxidation reactions o

To support the growing demand for electrochemical energy storage, complementary or even superior technological solutions over traditional Li-ion batteries are urgently needed. Aluminium batteries are particularly attractive candidates owing to their high projected volumetric energy density, low cost

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease displaying dramatically precocious ageing, severe neurological defects, UV-hypersensitivity, and a short life expectancy with no treatment to date. This project is based on the recent identification and validation of a defective pathway in cells of CS

Diatoms belong to the world’s most diverse group of algae, being responsible for a large part of the primary production in aquatic environments. In addition, they represent peculiar evolutionary chimeric cells, as they have evolved by the uptake of a eukaryotic alga into another eukaryotic cell, thu

The concept of Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFER) is a powerful structure-reactivity tool that accounts for steric, polar and resonance effects on a series of chemical reactions. Generalizing LFER concepts to a vast number of solvents or solvent mixtures and even to multiphase reaction systems

Cancer is one of the most prominent public health challenges, and colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide. Although recent developments in cancer therapy have a significant clinical impact, only a subset of patients exhibit long-term clinical

The transcription factor p53 coordinates the cellular response to DNA damage. P53 protein level and activity are controlled by a signaling network comprising amongst others the DNA-damage response (DDR) kinases ATM/ATR/DNA-PK (PIKKs), the E3-ubiquitin ligase Mdm2, the phosphatase Wip1 and the kinase

Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV) represent a safe and efficient tool for in vivo gene therapy. Modification of the viral capsid enables generation of novel AAV variants suitable for in vivo intra-tumoral gene transfer, targeting both tumor cells and cells from the tumor microenviron

This project aims at significantly advancing the understanding of the continuous random energy models (CREM), which are a class of toy models for strongly correlated random functions on a high-dimensional space such as mean-field spin glasses. We aim at investigating three different aspects: the dis

The main objective of CDNC4aci is to improve our understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions, through the development of a novel method dedicated to the retrieval of the cloud droplet number concentration from satellite remote-sensing Aerosol-cloud interactions are today responsable for the highe

In this project we aim to predict the morphology evolution of a porous solid due to chemical reac-tions between a solid and a penetrating gas phase. The oxidation of soot by diluted oxygen and NO2, passing through a porous soot layer, will serve as an example of practical relevance. It is well kno

Nitric oxide (NO) is a nitrogen trace gas which is produced by microbes and physico-chemical processes in soils as well as by physiological processes in plants. NO is considered as a major physiological mediator with many functions such as stimulation of the plant innate immune system, stimulation o

Social behaviors, ranging from conflictive (e.g. aggression, infanticide) to cooperative (e.g. mating, mother-pup interaction), can be observed in all sexually reproducing animal species and are crucial for their health, survival, and reproduction. These behaviors are instinctual in the sense that t

Given the deficit of inexpensive and luminescent materials from compounds containing abundant elements as for instance copper, this ANR-DFG SUPRALUM project targets the preparation and the study of the multifunctional luminescence properties of a large series of new discrete and polymeric polymetall

Granular materials surround us more than any other. They cover 80% of the planet, are omnipresent in industry, and the energy we use to produce them exceeds the energy we consume for transportation. Moreover, these materials have the unique characteristic of behaving both as solids, liquids, or gase

Structured composite non-smooth optimization has proved to be extremely useful in data science, where a common trend is the deluge of large-scale multidimensional data, which drives the need for more efficient optimization schemes. While, so far, primarily, first-order schemes have been widely used

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motoneuron (MN) disease with onset in the fifth-sixth decade and progressive muscle paralysis. Yet, there is neither preventive nor therapeutic approach that can stop, significantly delay, or prevent disease progression. Several lines of evidences, larg

Microorganisms synthesize numerous secondary metabolites, very often via non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis, which are mainly involved in virulence towards animal or plant hosts. Within the BRIO team at the Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (CIRAD, UMR PHIM), we study the interactions between ph

Cardiovascular diseases are a significant societal burden, as they are the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the major risk factors for these conditions is age. Indeed, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, meaning the proportion of individuals suffering from them within a given populati

Cereals in general, and rice in particular, are the main source of nutrition for a growing world population. These field crop species are largely grown intensively, in fields where soil nutrients must be constantly replenished by fertilization. Because of the high demand for natural resources, a mor

Biosynthetic pathways for specialized metabolites in microorganisms and plants typically follow a diversity-oriented biosynthetic logic. This biosynthetic promiscuity is enabled by multiple mechanisms, including gene mutation which leads to changes in the specificity of certain enzymes, modification

We propose to perform the first measurement of Lyman-alpha (Lya) emission from the average intergalactic medium at redshifts between 3 and 6.5, a crucial experiment in observational cosmology that so far was impossible because of a lack of sensitivity. We will combine two new and unique datasets obt

Spin processes are highly important for the efficiency of organic solar cells and light emitting diodes, yet their role remains largely unexplored. Indeed, due to the weak spin-orbit coupling organic materials possess strict spin-selection rules and the properties of photoexcited species can there

Current challenges and objectives for studying physio-pathological phenomena and disease-related processes in living organisms with non-invasive optical bioimaging are to realize a deep tissue penetration while maintaining a high detection sensitivity and a high spatial and temporal resolution. A pr

Trustworthy models for the dynamics of dense crowds are crucial for the prediction of pedestrian flows and the management of large crowds, but also from a fundamental perspective, to understand the roots that they share with active matter but also the pedestrian specifics. However, current models su

Population aging in developed countries will further increase bone deficiencies due to pathologies such as osteoporosis. Thus, the need of bioactive implants with the capacity to integrate inside osteoporotic bone will raise significantly. Surface chemistry and topography modifications have been sho

Nowadays, Geopolymers are advanced alternatives to cementitious materials, where the excellent chemical and fire resistance are some of its most appealing properties. Geopolymers enable the use of industrial waste materials while converting them into a novel binding material. Their production is acc

Quantum emitters such as atoms or molecules are at the forefront of fundamental physics tests, metrology and quantum technology. The growing need for miniaturization puts atoms and molecules in close proximity to solid-state surfaces leading to hybridization. Solid-state platforms modify the v