The CUltural crucible : the Reorganization and Renewal of Institutions in the CUltural capitals LAndscape - CURRICULA – CURRICULA

Using original methods and investigative techniques such as the study of ticket offices of cultural institutions, including statistical and cartographic analysis, the CURRICULA program aims to articulate explorations built on different scales, mixing quantitative methods, ethnographic observations and interviews, anchored in the geography of cities.

Through the use of digital techniques of investigation, questionnaires were sent to subscribers and casual audiences of theaters (random list based on theaters' ticket offices annual databases) through the email addresses of spectators. The highly efficient iterative device was implemented through the software Net-survey (days of training & purchase of the software). The pre-configuration of the data allows immediate treatment on SPSS.

In the case of Museums (such as the Wasterbottens, Umeå) similar device has been developed to allow visitors to answer our questionnaires, with electronic pads in open access.

During the survey, the use of cartographic analysis was systematized throughout the investigation. The use of the Geoclip software enabled the realization of maps integrating our data and various infra-communal contextual data from INSEE such as IRIS databases.

Concerning qualitative surveys - for each of our case studies - our different Swedish, Polish and Italian partners helped us to conduct interviews and working meetings to contextualize the data collected. Several translations of original works inaccessible in French and in English are projected in order to expand and refine our research (for the case of Sweden, Poland and Italy). Interviews with directors of institutions and management teams were also collected (in English most often, and in French for the Polish and Italian cases).

In 2015, our program was deployed around case studies (2 for France, that are already fully completedn and 5 other for the other European countries surveyed). We entered the implementation phase of these case studies for Poland and Sweden.

Case Study # 1 - The Theater of La Criée is so far the most deepened material of our survey. The investigation has been achieved around 2013-14 with a survey by questionnaires. Meanwhile a campaign of interviews was conducted with the new management team who came into office in 2011. Finally at the beginning of 2015, a «return on experience« survey was conducted on non-subscribers of the theater of La Criée (random samples sent from the theater's ticket office database of the 2013-2014 year).

Case Study # 2 - The choice of the theater of Le Merlan was dictated by the desire to explore the heteronomous margins of the Marseille theater production. The survey also benefited from the renewal of the management of the theater (in 2015). The same device has complemented our first case study. Data processing was carried out. The analysis intersects with data from direct observation, by questionnaires and interviews with management. The report is being written.

The case studies were carried out and processed using statistical and qualitative treatment from which was added a cartographic data processing and a perspective of samples through a confrontation with Iris bases from the INSEE.

The new observation devices of other case studies have been set up in Umeå (Case Study No. 3 - Västerbottens Museum) and in Warsaw (Case Study # 4 - The Polski Theatre) and started in the summer 2016. It will continue through the 2016-17 academic year.

Ongoing investigations in France, Sweden, Poland and Italy resulting in a collection of unpublished data cover 5 case studies. The cases studied in Italy (Genoa & Bologna) will be directly developed through a historical analysis leading up to produce new texts on some targeted institutions and translate some works that remain so far unpublished in French. After having focused on France, the surveys will now be deployed on other European countries in Sweden, Poland and Italy.

In the case study of Umeå (Sweden), the team of the ANR Curricula met on site officials two institutions listed in our survey program: The Västerbottens Museum, and the NorrlandsOperan. In the first case the investigation will start from October 2016 to October 2017. The investigation into the NorrlandsOperan is still being negotiated with our Swedish partner Rolf Hugoson (Prof. Univ. Umea) and the responsible for the NorrlandsOperan (Mr Kjell Englund). If negotiations are successfulI, this study will enrich the five case studies initially planned.

For the case study in Warsaw (Polski Theatre, and the Zacheta - National Gallery of Art) & Wroclaw (Poland), the team of the ANR Curricula also established the specifications on site with officials of National cultural institutions. The study of the Polski Theatre (4th from our original list) is expected this year 2016-17. In Wroclaw, the Curricula team will meet with Polish partners in November 2016 to determine the procedure of our investigational device on site. We plan to launch our investigation to Wroclaw from early 2017.

In the final phase of the program, exploration of cases collected in the US and Russia - Detroit, Chicago and Perm - seek to open non-European prospects to test the analytical frameworks developped during the first three years of the research program.

Emmanuel PEDLER, Elena RAEVSKIKH, Maxime JAFFRÉ, How do the European Capitals of Culture contribute to the European Mobility? Empirical issues and theoretical challenges of the cultural institutions renewal in cities elected ECC, UNeECC Forum, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Press, Vol.7 p.29-44, 2015 - ISSN: 2068-2123. uneecc.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/12/UNeECC_Proceedings_2014_B5.pdf

Emmanuel PEDLER, Elena RAEVSKIKH, Maxime JAFFRÉ, The CUltural crucible : the Reorganization and Renewal of Institutions in the CUltural capitals Landscape, International Conference on Public Policy, Milan, Official Conference Proceedings, July 2015. www.icpublicpolicy.org/conference/file/reponse/1433871822.pdf

Elena RAEVSKIKH, Maxime JAFFRÉ, Emmanuel PEDLER, So Near and Yet so Far: Marseille youth attitudes towards democratized institutions of culture, Journal of Applied Youth Studies, Vol.1 Issue 4, - ISSN: 2204-9193. search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=607899131524372;re s=IELHSS

Maxime JAFFRÉ, Elena RAEVSKIKH, Emmanuel PEDLER, Immigration, Identity and Mobility in Europe: Inclusive Cultural Policies and Exclusion Effects, The IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies, Vol.2 Issue 2, Autumn 2017 - ISSN: 2187-6037. (https://iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of- cultural-studies/)

Elena RAEVSKIKH, Maxime JAFFRÉ, Emmanuel PEDLER, The effects of European policies on the reorganization and renewal of immersive cultural institutions in cities elected European Capital of Culture, UNeECC Forum, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Press, Vol.8 p.159-157, 2016 - ISSN: 2068-2123. uneecc.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/12/UNeECC_Proceedings_2015_B5_FINAL.pdf

Colloque international ANR-Curricula, Villa Méditerranée, 22 juin 2016
Politiques des Institutions Européennes de la Culture – Ancrages Territoriaux, Histoire et Dynamiques Relationnelles. www.villa-mediterranee.org/fr/international-conference-anr-curricula

The use of culture as an economic tool for the development of cities is becoming a central concern in contemporary polical reflection. This is primarily focused on the impact of "creative" new urban amenities without ever addressing the question of the influence of immersive institutional cultural structures (Heritage industry) and their territorial anchors. How do these institutions react to the restructuring of this competitive field? Are they managing adaptative or hybrid strategies with new conceptions of culture? Or, conversely, do they gradually become obsolete? Focusing on European cities that were elected "European Capitals of Culture"(ECC) the CURRICULA project aims to describe the ability of cultural institutions to become part of new urban dynamics and embrace the cultural changes that generate them.

The CURRICULA project will confront contrasting cases of (1) the "European Capitals of Culture" from the south (Marseille, Genoa, Bologna) and from the north (Krakow and Umea), (2) cities recently concerned by the "European Capital of Culture" political mechanism, Marseille (ECC-2013), Umea (ECC-2014), and cities that were elected ECC in the past, Genoa (ECC-2004), Bologna and Krakow (ECC-2000), (3) multi-centered cultural models (Italy, Sweden) vs. highly centralized cultural models (France and Poland).

The project’s goal is to make use of empirical research conducted not on second hand databases, but directly with institutions’ audiences, based on observations and/or interviews developed and processed statistically, in order to understand which audiences are involved in the new dynamics of cultural policies related to the creative economy. The statistical methods applied in the project will be characterized by the use of new and original technologies (QR Code Technology: new barcode generation), which will increase our output capacity for data processing and multiply the potential for feedback.

In its final phase, our investigation will be deployed at the international level to compare European cities labeled ECC, with cities concerned by other forms of top-down mechanisms. By engaging for the first time in a comparison with the American area, we will explore through two case studies how processes of institutionalization of culture implement themselves - or not - locally, in cities such as Detroit and Chicago. In a second step, we will discuss the case of Perm, which has positioned itself over the past few years as the new "Cultural Capital of Russia".