Modélisation Intra-urbaine des Rythmes quOtidiens : accroître l'accessibilité à la ville pour maîtriser la mobilité urbaine – MIRO2

This project aims at interrogating the sustainable city by focusing on one of its very central components, daily mobility. Indeed, if towns can be interpreted as spatial organisations favouring social interactions, the number of daily movements needed to reach this goal is continuously increasing. Therefore, improving urban accessibility merely results in increasing the traffic and its negative externalities (congestion, accidents, pollution, noise…), while reducing at the end the accessibility of people to the city. This project therefore aims at investigating this issue from the complex systems point of view. The real spatio-temporal urban accessibility of citizens can not be approximated just by focusing on space and implies to take into account the space-time activity patterns of individuals, in a more dynamic way. However, given the importance of local interactions in such a perspective, an agent based approach seems to be a relevant solution. This kind of individual based and interactionist approach allows, indeed, to explore the possible impact of individual behaviours on the global behaviour of city but also the possible impact of global measures on individual behaviours. The MIRO prototype, developed in a previous project funded by PREDIT, constitutes the base of this new research project. Several new challenges have been identified: 1) to integrate the complex mechanisms involved during the decision making process, in a constrained and dynamic environment ; 2) to create virtual urban environments as realistic as possible, from multi-source GIS data, including multi-modal transportation systems and public/private services ; 3) to populate these environment with synthetic populations of agents, generated from socio-demographic and mobility surveys, being as representative of possible of the population studied ; 4) to define and test disaggregated spatio-temporal accessibility indicators, allowing characterising the local situations encountered by citizens, in their variability, and to assess possible outcomes of public policies or urban planning measures ; 5) to construct and apply verification and validation protocols, allowing assessing the confidence we may have in the models produced ; 6) to overpass the threshold of 80 000 agents reached during MIRO, in order to deal with more realistic situations ; 7) To create and evaluate a collaborative simulation platform, allowing different actors to meet and interact around a simulation ; 8) to adapt, apply and evaluate the models developed to two case studies, Dijon and Grenoble (France).