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The key questions raised by our previous results are about: (1) the function of this actomyosin-ring in relationship to the increase of line tension deduced from our theory of cellular dewetting and that accounts for the induction of TEMs of a limited size; (2) how the actomyosin form at a newly cur

Chronic wounds are a major healthcare problem associated with high hospitalization costs and morbidity, affecting particularly diabetic patients. Apart from wound dressings and antibiotics, there is presently very limited choice for the medical community when deciding which drug therapy to employ f

Corneal infections, namely infectious keratitis (IK) are frequent worldwide and the first cause of unilateral blindness. They involve bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Although their epidemiology vary with sanitary conditions, Gram + bacteria and herpetic viruses (HSV1-2) represent most of the

OA, a major public health issue worldwide, will affect 20% of the world population by 2050. To date, there is no approved safe and effective disease-modifying OA drug (DMOAD). The current therapeutic arsenal treats the symptoms (inflammation, pain); they do not halt the disease progression, neither

There is no licensed vaccine available against human Ebola virus disease (EVD), and any treatment options only work if administered within minutes or at most hours after infection. The EBOVAC proposal will establish the immunogenicity of DC-targeting vaccine candidate, by uncovering cellular and hum

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and of major disabilities in the industrialized countries, with 15 million people suffering stroke worldwide each year. Stroke is either ischemic in 80% of cases or hemorrhagic in 20%. The only treatment presently approved by the Health Authorities for isch

Despite a wide exposure of the population to the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) agent (or “mad cow” disease: more than 2 millions of undiagnosed infected cattle would have entered the human food chain) in United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent in France, the number of related human cases (v-

Our health depends in many cases of the course of our immune response. It organizes the body's defenses against infections, is involved in the mechanisms of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the elimination of cancer cells, transplant rejection ... The precise definition of the functions of immu

Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in the world and a major cause of long-term disability. Ischemic stroke, which results from the occlusion of a cerebral artery, accounts for 88% of all stroke cases. Reperfusion therapy is the only treatment approved by the health authorities; however

1.The first step consisted in the production of WJ-MSC in clinical grade conditions. 8 productions among the 12 in the ANR project are already cryopreserved. 2. The second step consisted in the construction of the stratified scaffold, functionalized or not with BMP, associated to WJ-MSC (WJ-MSC/Alg

Stroke is the first cause of acquired disability and the third cause of mortality in developed countries. Its incidence is expected to increase due to the growing aged populations. Ischemic stroke, that represents 80% of all stroke cases, is due to occlusion of a cerebral vessel by a clot, that indu

We propose a collaborative project between an industrial partner (Hybrigenics) and four academic laboratories to design a unique tool, a focused chemical library, that will accelerate identification of bioactive molecules targeting protein-protein interfaces. This focused library, made of approximat

Cure of diabetes mellitus is a hope for millions suffering from type 1 diabetes and a major challenge for health care. Current insulin treatment is insufficient to provide optimal glycaemic control; as a consequence diabetic complications remain a reality for patients. Transplantation of islets from

Cellular biosensors have several advantages for bio-detection and have proved to be useful as a powerful method for the detection and quantification of a wide range of analytes. However, their application has been limited by the small number of molecules detectable using nature-derived sensors.

Phagocytosis is a process that consists in the ability of a cell to internalize objects larger than 0.5 microns. Whereas unicellular organisms use phagocytosis to capture and eat preys, in multicellular organisms it represents a fundamental part of innate immunity, organ homeostasis and tissue remod

Lungs inflammatory diseases such as COPD are the cause of 2.5 M death worldwide. These diseases have in common a high influx of neutrophils that secrete proteases responsible for the progressive loss of lungs function. To date there is no method able to assess lungs enzyme activity in vivo. Such a

The analysis of blood spotted and dried on a matrix (i.e. "Dried Blood Spot" or DBS) (Guthrie, 1963) has been used since the 1960s in clinical chemistry; mostly for neonatal screening (Clague & Thomas, 2002). Since then, many clinical analytes, including nucleic acids, small molecules and lipids, ha

Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases are the world’s leading cause of disability and affect over 450 million people, causing disability and suffering. The total annual cost of brain disorders in Europe is in the range of €500-700 billion/year. CNS disease treatments, though essentially palliative,

The efficient treatment of chronic and neuropathic pain is a yet unsolved medical, economic and societal problem. It affects an increasing number of patients and severely impairs their daily life (weekly symptoms over ca. 7 years on average, 60% of patients obliged to work at home, 13% of unemployed

In the cancer field, targeted therapies represent the main focus of large pharmaceutical companies and are still considered as the Holy Grail for most clinical oncologists. However, so far the gain in term of overall survival is very limited and one of the key limitation is the difficulty to predict

Rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms is a prerequisite for appropriate patient care and infection control. In the last decade, Mass Spectrometry (MS) has revolutionized the field of clinical microbiology with the introduction of MALDI-TOF for rapid microbial identification. The princi

In the central nervous system (CNS), the excitatory glutamatergic synapses are highly organized. They consist of post-synaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors and pre-synaptic glutamate localized inside pre-synaptic vesicles that mediate synaptic transmission responsible for learning and memory. Glut

Vascular biology deals with the interaction of blood vessels with a normal or pathological environment. Different types of vessels exist including, arteries, veins, blood capillaries and lymphatic vessels. Vessels are integrated into homeostatic circuits that are required for many bodily functions.

A deficiency or an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system is proposed to explain the phenomena occurring in the neurodegenerative diseases. For example, cholinergic transmission alterations are responsible for some symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. These dysfunctions are also im

The core of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall consists of a mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex which has been the focus of intense research at both structural and biosynthetic levels during the last few decades. Due to its essentiality, the mAGP is also regarded as an attrac

The primary objective of the current proposal is to enter a new phase of measurements on human lung grafts. Medical qualification of the commercial AP2E analyzer is therefore mandatory. The second goal is to validate CO as an indicator of the quality of human pulmonary transplants through its endo

Osteoarthritis (OA), in the context of an aging population, has a major impact on the quality of life of patients and is a very significant health problem in western countries. OA is a slowly, progressive, ultimately degenerative disorder of movable joints, mainly characterized by pain and functiona

The use of nanomedicine has led to significant success in drug targeting to specific diseased tissues and cells. Several impediments of nanocarriers still limit a wider use of nanomedecine: low drug loading and uncontrolled release, poor versatility and scalability, difficulty to include imaging con

In natural settings, most bacteria live as organized communities of cells termed biofilms. These supracellular assemblies display increased antibiotic resistance. In humans, they are therefore involved in the vast majority of chronic infectious diseases. The biologist partner has obtained seminal ev

Neurological disorders represent a significant portion of the global disease burden as well as a large cost to society. Most, if not all, neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with a dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts diffusion of compou

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in elderly aged of 65 and over. Yet, there are no curative drugs and current treatments remain symptomatic. AD is a multifactorial slow and progressive dementing disease that combines two pathophysiological mechanisms: the amyloid path

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of blindness throughout the world, the major causes of visual impairment being macular edema and photoreceptor degeneration. Permanent visual loss occurs before any microvascular change is detected. Currently, the only local treatments available are anti-VEGF (V

The neuromuscular junction is a synapse that represents the basic structure by which the activity of spinal motoneurons controls muscle contraction or relaxation during movement. As existing in vitro models do not allow for adequate acquisition of major functional readouts, we propose to develop an

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has become a powerful tool for medical diagnostic over the last decade. Developing new methodologies for the synthesis of biological tracers by a last-step [11C]-labeling, our team has been recently able to take advantage of the great functional tolerance of pallad