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By combining the expertise of three public teams and an industrial partner with a common interest in identifying novel resistance mechanisms and promoting their sustainability in an agro-ecological context, this proposal will exploit genetic diversity of Quantitative Disease Resistance mechanisms to

The objectives of the DECIPHER project is to contribute to our understanding of the multi-factorial dimension (infectious agents, microbiota, genetics) of the “summer mortality” disease affecting oysters and to propose adequate and effective control strategies. To achieve these ambitious objectives,

Despite the importance of plants with separate sexes (= dioecious) for studying the evolution of sex chromosomes and sex determination, and the existence of many dioecious crops for which knowledge on sex chromosomes and sex determination is of crucial economical importance, little is known about pl

Commercial enzymes essentially originate from terrestrial organisms which degrade plant biomass and thus are inefficient or inactive on algal biomass. Although few specific enzymes were discovered the last years (mainly due to the efforts of our group), the pathways for the biodegradation of algal p

L’objectif de ce projet est de comprendre comment la stabilité du génome est affectée par le stress, et en particulier, affecté par le stress génomique. Notre projet examinera deux niveaux d'évolution, un intraspécifique (hybrides entre les populations naturelles divergentes) et interspécifiques (hy

In order to characterize the post-translational modifications of key plant RNA silencing factors and to determine in vivo their significance and the functional consequences of such modifications, the research project has been divided in four main tasks. 1- «Identification of post-translational modi

Lignocellulosic biomass (LC) represents the most promising renewable resource for a sustainable energy and chemical production. Nevertheless, LC is a complex structure which is difficult to transform. To improve LC transformation, so far, lot of research has been realized on selecting microbes produ

The formation of vascular tissues and the differentiation of its specific cells remain poorly known in grasses. In contrast to dicotyledonous plants, grasses do not make secondary development (due to the absence of cambial activity) and thus the vascular tissues remain entirely under the control of

This project takes advantage of three on-going initiatives: (a) ONAB (Observatoire National des Anomalies Bovines) is a national observatory of genetic defects, gathering academic, veterinary, and industrial partners for early emergence detection; (b) a huge database of pangenomic genotypings genera

The objective of this project is to study the tight interactions between the three partners of a pathosystem, namely the plant, the virus and the vector to identify the regulations that take place after virus infection and aphid infestation. These modifications can affect (i) virus accumulation and

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms, since it is a component of proteins, nucleic acids, and many secondary metabolites. Plants and fungi are the only multicellular organisms able to assimilate inorganic N. Mineral N, mainly in the form of nitrate, is generally limiti

In plants, the intercellular communication through the membrane lined nano-channels called plasmodesmata (PD) plays pivotal roles in the orchestration of development and defence responses. Plant viruses but also fungus can exploit PD transport machinery to establish infection and the emerging view i

The tropical Aeschynomene legumes use a unique Nod-independent infection process that is believed to correspond to an ancestral state of the nitrogen-fixing rhizobium-legume symbiosis. The study of this system should therefore shed new light on the origin and evolution of symbiosis by uncovering the

Meiotic recombination is a fundamental process for all sexual eukaryotes; it is required to produce balanced gametes and therefore is essential to the fertility of species. Furthermore, meiotic recombination is also crucial for plant breeding because it allows, through the formation of crossovers (C

The symbiosis between Rhizobium bacteria and legume plants results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of the host plant. In order to reduce the use of polluting nitrogen fertilizers in the frame of the development of a sustainable agriculture, it will be interesting to use at l

Climate change is predicted to have major effects on ecosystems and their biodiversity. To evaluate the consequences of climate change detailed studies are required to determine the genetic basis of natural variation in traits affecting population dynamics and structure, together with the assessment

Fanleaf degeneration, rugose wood and leafroll diseases are undoubtedly the best known and most detrimental viral diseases on grapevine. Their broad distribution and prevalence poses serious threat to the sustainability of vineyards worldwide. Just for France, leafroll, fanleaf and rugose wood disea

The objectives of this project are twofold. First, it is the acquisition of new knowledge about the genetic and molecular bases of a beneficial interaction between particular rhizobacteria (PGPR) naturally present in our agricultural soils and bread wheat, a major food source worldwide. Second, it i

StructuraLEP aims to elucidate the involvement of L. maculans effectors into pathogenicity through their structural and functional characterization and the determination of their interactants. We will investigate five L. maculans effectors corresponding to promising candidates chosen for their biolo

Pesticides are of limited use against bacterial diseases in crops due to a lack of effective and non-toxic molecules. Thus, genetic selection of resistant crops remains the most effective approach to control bacterial pathogens. Resistance breeding requires a conceptual jump to efficiently design si

Plants, as immobile organisms, have a strong need to continually monitor environmental inputs to transduce them into extensive transcriptional and translational changes that stimulate responses for adaptation and growth. A key signaling pathway connecting environmental perception to growth decisions

Fanleaf degeneration is the most important viral disease of grapevine worldwide. This disease is mainly caused by Grapevine fanleaf virus, a nepovirus naturally transmitted by the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index. It is estimated that ca. 2/3 of the French vineyard is affected by fanleaf degen

Terrestrial life on Earth relies on plant photosynthesis to produce oxygen and to assimilate CO2 into organic matter. The most abundant enzyme in leaves is the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) that produces, by its carboxylase activity, the building blocks to make sugar phos

Eukaryotic Small RNAs (sRNAs) have emerged as fundamental regulatory players in gene expression of many biological functions including development, growth, responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In the cell, sRNAs typically range from 20-24 nucleotides in length, originate from double stranded RN