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Regulation of gene expression is a complex phenomenon involving a large number of cellular factors to control RNA polymerase II activity. This multi-protein transcriptionally active complex is remodeled in both its composition and architecture during the different phases of transcription (initiation

Post translational modifications play key roles in controlling protein activity and hence cell function. Modification by ubiquitin is unusual in that the modifier itself is a polypeptide. A number of ubiquitin-like modifications have been described and, among these, the modification by SUMO (Small U

This project will contribute to the development of international and comparative forms of media research. It is located at the intersection of two domains: first the history and sociology of representations of the television audience, second cultural globalization. The aim of the project is to expla

1-Scientific background and rationale Immune responses to infectious agents have different out-comes that can lead either to protection from re-infection or may be inefficient in disease control. The factors controlling these different out-comes are in part yet unknown. Protection against infection

Pulmonary embolism is a common pathology, which could be fatal (about 10 000 death/year in France). It mainly originates from a deep vein thrombosis. In order to reduce mortality, prevention of new or recurrent PE is a major therapeutic aim. Only one randomised trial (PREPIC) assessed the interest o

Cell migration is a fundamental process during development and in the adult where is allows delivery of immune cells to infection sites, wound healing or else dissemination of tumour cells during metastasis. Establishment, orientation and regulation of cell polarity play a key role in the initiation

The mechanism of translation in eukaryotes is very complex, particularly at the stage of initiation, which requires as many as 9 initiation factors, which can be a target for regulation of gene expression. During initiation, the 40S ribosomal subunit with initiation factors (eIF) 1, 1A, 2 and 3 atta

We wish to quantify discrimination mechanisms in France, in focussing our research to local and urban aspects. We first measure discrimination in access to housing with testing methods. We then want to test mechanisms leading to the exclusion of economically deprived persons to the periphery of citi

Much research has been devoted to the issue of globalisation. However stimulating they may be, these different points of view fail to address an essential question: how, in concrete terms, the institutions and organisations that manage globalisation actually function. In the field of economics, for

Core formation represents the major chemical differentiation event on the terrestrial planets, involving the separation of a metallic liquid from the silicate matrix that subsequently evolves into the current silicate crust and mantle. The generation of the Earth's magnetic field is ultimately tied

DNA repair is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity and replication fidelity in all cells. Archaea, and hyperthermophiles in particular, are well suited for studying DNA repair mechanisms given that DNA exposed to high temperature is subject to ongoing damage during normal growth under ex

1- Scientific background and objectives The direct access to site-specific natural isotope fractionation provided by high resolution NMR (the SNIF-NMR method) is recognized, not only as a source of selective information in a context of basic research, but also as a powerful technique for controlling

This research combines molecular electronics and spin electronics by studying electric transport properties of molecule(s) connecting two magnetic electrodes. The planned experiments intend to: - fabricate magnetic electrodes separated by 1-2 nm, with optimized mechanical stability properties. The m

The aim of the QSWITCH project is the realization of a quantum switch for single photons. This device is an ultimate version of a light switch where a single photon fixes the on or off state. The fabrication of this switch is based on a system in the strong coupling regime where a single quantum dot

Long bones and woods are biological and natural growth-medium with similarities related to their structure. These mediums are anisotropic, and are generally modelled as transverse isotropic for human bones and/or orthotropic for animal bones and wood. These mediums are adapting itself in to the envi

The mitochondria and chloroplast are the power-houses of eukaryotic cells. They are both in charge of the efficient provision of energy by feeding metabolism with its major substrate: ATP. The oxidative-phosphorylation system, described by Mitchell, relies on the generation, by an electron/proton tr

In the framework of the International Polar Year (IPY), BONUS-GOODHOPE aims to understand the interactions between the contemporary dynamic, circulation, biogeochemistry and geochemistry in the Southern Ocean in its atlantic sector and its exchanges with the Indo-Atlantic connection on the wake of t

Molecular DYNAmics of Soil Organic carbon (DYNAMOS). The main issue of DYNAMOS is the build-up of a new generation of soil carbon model. The modelisation will describe together soil organic geochemistry and soil carbon dynamics in a generalized, quantitative representation. The carbon dynamics time

Sea turtles are submitted to the strong constraint of regularly coming on land for nesting far from their usual feeding sites. They feed on marine resources but they have to starve during the nesting season and during their migration from/to the nesting/feeding sites. Hence their fitness (in terms o

One of the most important paradigm in population biology is the metapopulation concept. Dispersal together with extinction are the central parameters. Exchanges among populations or colonization of new habitats are most of the time thought to be random processes where the source population (if we ex

A number of gregarious vertebrate species live and move in groups, often reaching a large size, though keeping a remarkable social and spatial cohesion. The mechanisms involved in the initiation of movements, decision to follow and coordination of individual movements are poorly understood. In group

1. Scientific background and objectives The viral molecular determinants involved in vector-transmission of plant viruses have been extensively studied over the last decades. However, the counterpart of such studies (plant and vector determinants) has been largely overlooked. It is surprising indeed

1 - Applied and scientific backgrounds, project objectives Overland flow on agricultural soils induces problems of environmental resources preservation (decrease of soil thickness by erosion, nutrients losses, decrease in water quality). Overland flow events are also responsible for flooding, gener

Different models of non-Markovian random walks were recently suggested by the physicists in order to describe the dynamical properties of disordered medias. These models lead to very challenging problems and form a very active field of mathematics. Among these models one finds random walks in random

The aim of this project is to contribute to the classification of quantum groups by studying two subproblems arising in representation theory: the classification of Hopf-Galois extensions for a Hopf algebra and the search of explicit formulae for the Haar measure. The project brings together researc

The aim of this project is to develop models predicting the evolution of texture (crystal-preferred orientations) during high-temperature deformation, recrystallization, and phase transformations. Texturing of crystalline materials, like rocks, metals, and ceramics, creates anisotropic physical prop

Subglacial lakes are focus of scientific curiosity which captured the interest of a wide public. Their exploration rise scientific and technological challenges promoted by SCAR as one of its Scientific Program for the coming decade, the International Polar Year representing a start point and framewo

The scientific community has recently been challenged by the discovery of magnetic materials of a fundamentally new nature. This intrinsic ¨d0¨¨ ferromagnetism differs from usual ferromagnetism which includes magnetic ions. Even though they have no magnetic ions, these materials have magnetic phases

This ambitious project proposes an alternate solution to the pure spin current generation. This question raised recently in the scientific community. One key feature of such current is that they could be dissipation-less while being able to carry information. Our approach is to take advantage of the

The central topic in our project is the study of the properties of solutions to nonlinear dispersive equations. This category represents a large number of PDE of hyperbolic type. Most known examples are wave, Schrodinger, Korteweg-De-Vries, Benjamin-Ono equations. All these equations have the partic

The main goal of this projet is to gather efforts of three groups of analysts from the three universities Aix-Marseille 1, Bordeaux 1 and Lille 1 around various problems in dynamic of operators. Two topics are mainly considered. The first topic deals with cyclicity and hypercyclicity of vectors and

The major goal of CORCOSIL is to shed light on the mechanisms of slow crack propagation in glasses at the nanoscale. In several cases, phenomenological equations such as Wiederhorn's can explain the dependence of crack velocity on stress and on environmental parameters. Yet the stress-corrosion mech

Micro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are used in very active research fields both in applied and fundamental physics. Recent advances in micro-electronics and micro-engineering has allowed the design of MEMS with sub-micron sizes intended for the measurement of the Casimir force. Another fundamental appl

Piezoelectric materials are widely used in technologic applications. Although the piezoelectric effect is well-described as a macroscopic phenomenon, scientific insight about the effect on an atomic length scale is limited. The aim of this project is therefore to acquire a deeper understanding of th

The aim of the NExEN project is to make major progress in the knowledge of the energy density functional governing the physics of nuclear systems. It requires an understanding of nuclei and nuclear matter under extreme conditions such as a strong neutron excess or at densities far from the saturatio

This project centers around the so-called L-functions in number theory, from an algorithmic and experimental point of view. L-functions encode delicate arithmetic information, and many crucial conjectures in number theory revolve around them: Riemann Hypotheses, the Birch and Swinnerton Dyer conject

The endeavour of this project is to develop some methodology for modelling and solving inverse problems of a certain type using tools from harmonic and complex analysis. These problems pertain to deconvolution issues, identification of fractal dimension for Gaussian fields, and free boundary problem

Wave turbulence concerns the dynamical and statistical properties of an ensemble of weakly interacting nonlinear waves. This concept has been applied to a great variety of both classical and quantum systems at very different scales: surface or internal waves of the ocean, Alfven waves in the solar w

Objectives : We propose to study supersolidity, that is the possible superfluidity of a solid. For this, we propose to combine acoustic and hydrodynamic methods with neutron and X-ray scattering. In 2004, Kim and Chan (Penn State Univ.) have suggested supersolidity as an explanation for their measur

Secondary Phosphine Oxides 'SPOs' exhibit a phosphine oxide RR'P(O)H, [P(45]-phosphinous acid RR'P-O-H, [P(33] tautomerism (R, R' = alkyl, aryl, NR1R2). In solution, this equilibrium is almost completely shifted toward the oxide form and can be displaced in favor of the phosphinous acid form by

The current limitations of the 'top-down' technological processes impose new approaches, which must be controlled for the integration of physical, chemical or biochemical functions on scales lower than 100 nm. In the same way, the 'bottom-up' realization based on the elaboration of functional struct

The LHC project which is expected to start late this year may be soon proving the existence of the so long awaited Higgs particle. It may also indicate the presence of additional particles whose existence is predicated by the Grand Unification Theories. However, the hadronic nature of the LHC beams

We have very recently developed an entirely new and versatile tool for mesoscopic physics. This instrument combines Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (AFM-STM) operating at very low temperature and enables us to perform high resolution local electronic tunneling spectroscopy at any poin

The use of Bayesian statistics in complex models has grown dramatically due to the development of efficient implementation procedures such as the MCMC algorithms, which allow us to simulate the posterior distribution for almost any kind of models. This is particularly true for the use of Bayesian no

The proposed research project is related to the following domains of mathematical statistics: estimation theory and tests theory. We study statistical properties of non parametric procedures or, in other words, we are interested in statistical models which can be described only by infinite dimension

Unlike ordinary liquids and elastic solids, complex fluids exhibit several puzzling behaviors that critically depend on the underlying structures that compose the fluids. Indeed, many complex fluids are made of microscopic entities (such as rigid or soft particles, biological cells, macromolecules e

The project deals with the modelling and numerical simulation of solidification of binary metallic alloys, to get a better understanding of the structure formation and of the macro-segregations. in the final product. The project aims at proposing reference numerical solutions and experimental data f

The 'SimUlation of Heterogeneous Systems and Interfaces' project (SUSHI) concerns the study of structural and thermodynamic properties of fluids and solids using Monte Carlo simulations. During the last few years, molecular simulations have been successfully applied to the understanding and predicti

In cosmology, the growth of gravitational instability in a dark matter fluid is not fully understood yet. However, with the advent of a new generation of observational cosmology projects - let us mention ground-based or space large-scale cosmic shear surveys or the Square-Kilometer-Array - it is nec

1 Scientific background and objectives More than 120 molecules have been observed to date in the interstellar medium (ISM)). Three fundamental questions for the knowledge of the ISM and its evolution are still unanswered: (i) the abundance of H in its molecular form, (ii) the origin of the variety o

The goal of this project is a comparison between models and multi-disciplinary data (surface and space gravity, geodesy, hydrology, and meteorology) of seasonal changes in water storage in Africa from the desert zone in the Sahara (null test zone) to the equatorial monsoon region with strong changes

Today, as space missions exploring planetary atmospheres are highly successful, with scientific teams now collecting a large amount of data, the study of the detailed aspects of all the mechanisms controling these complex atmospheric systems becomes possible. However, the interpretation of Cassini-H

The main objective is to build an original interdisciplinary project to study the complex chemistry of planetary atmospheres. Two physical chemists, the project leader, Roland Thissen and Odile Dutuit left the Laboratoire Chimie Physique in Orsay to join the Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble i

Turbulence in fusion plasmas is among the issues of first principle physics that are questioned by the ITER project. Turbulence is not only a major challenge to theoretical physics, it is the main performance limitation of the confinement capability of the device. Specific physics of fusion plasmas

This project is concerned with the unsteady aerodynamics and associated sound production mechanisms which result from flows around bluff bodies. Such systems comprise regions of fully separated turbulent flow and strong fluid-structure interaction. From an applied perspective, the motivation for stu

Context. Predicting within reasonable accuracy the durability of high value metallic materials (such as stainless steels in power plants) remains a challenge to material scientists and engineers. For instance, the major obstacle to correctly predicting the corrosion resistance of metallic alloys is

Scientific background and objectives Description of project, methodology Expected results The project deals with new gold catalysts supported on reducible and non-reducible oxides (discovery in 1987). They are catalytically active in CO oxidation when the gold particle size is smaller than 5 nm. The

The majority of flows, which have significant interests for academic research and are representative of industrial situations, reveals the presence of unsteady three-dimensional flow structures. Even if numerical modelling has done substantial progress in fluid mechanic during the last two decades,

The EMCal project concerns a large electromagnetic calorimeter for the ALICE experiment at the LHC collider. The scientific goal is to provide for ALICE the best conditions for characterizing the photon and jet production at high transverse momentum and hence, upstream, for the physics of hard proce

The Groupe de Recherches sur l'Aval du Cycle (GRACE) of IPHC aims at measuring cross sections of given reactions especially relevant in next generation nuclear reactors. The method used is the prompt  spectroscopy, which allows identifying nuclei produced in very short-lived excited states. This me

Arakelov geometry and the Voevodsky-style theory of algebraic homology or homotopy (variants of which were discovered and studied by Suslin, Rost, Levine, Morel, Hanamura and Voevodsky, to quote just a few) provide entirely new methods of investigation for problems that have resisted the efforts of

The goal of our project is to join several researchers working in geometric group theory and related areas. This project would allow us to work together, organize meetings, and have regular contacts with foreign mathematicians. We hope that our scientific cooperation will bring new interesting and

This project covers different geometrical and dynamical aspects of cosmological models: - geometry (riemannian or conformal) of spatial slices in space-times with constant curvature and their asymptotic behavior near the initial singularity, - Cosmic censorship conjecture in the constant curvature

For the states, the sustainable management of marine and coastal ecosystems constitute a relevant strategy of their environmental and development public policies. The coastal areas represents only 4% of the planet lands, but they concentrate more than one-third of the world population, and they suff

The recent development of field archaeology, especially in France, Italy, Belgium, England and Finland, combined with the use of biological sciences by archaeologists dealing historical periods, the re-interpretation of ancient documents and the new interest in unused evidence (iconography, culinary

Mammalian genomic imprinting is an epigenetic marking mechanism that conveys allele-specific expression to a subset of mammalian genes which depends on the parental origin of the allele. So far, some eighty imprinted genes have been identified in mice and humans. Many of these imprinted genes play k

Deciphering the regulatory pathways of RNA polymerase III transcription in response to stress or during differentiation How do cells adjust their growth rate to physiological changes or environmental variations, especially under stress conditions? What are the processes in control of their prolifera

The technological objective is innovative : it proposes a new generation of thermal and (nano)calorimetric (micro)sensors, over a wide temperature range (4K – 400K), constituted by synthetic carbon-based films (doped or allloyed Diamond-Like Carbon and doped microcrystalline Diamond films) deposited

The proposed interdisciplinary project is concerned with evaluation, choice and decision making in the use of urban and peri-urban spaces, and (more specifically) in practices and trends in residential and everyday mobility. Changes in everyday mobility are linked to the phenomenon of urbanisation a

Scientific background Putting in contact two miscible fluids of different densities in an unstable configuration results in spontaneous convective motions leading to fluid mixing. These processes have been extensively studied in the unconfined case of wide interfaces on which multiple interacting in

Chinese, all through its history, has been in contact with Altaic languages in the north, and with those of the Tai and Austroasiatic taxa in the south. It is not surprising that Mongolian and Manchurian-Tungus languages of the Altaic family have played an important role in the history of China. The

The aim of this project is the study of radiation emitted by the hot gases produced around vehicles during their entry in planetary atmospheres. A shock wave is created in the front region which heats the gas to very high temperatures and induces reactive processes such as dissociation and ionizatio

Damage due to microcracks growth is an essential mechanism of inelastic behaviour and failure in a great number of geomaterials like concrete and rocks. The evolution of damage is inherently related to the microstructure of material and in particular to the presence of aggregates. In the process of

Cyclic amino acids, and particularly aminocyclopropanecarboxylic (ACC) acids are important synthetic intermediates or target molecules in medicinal chemistry. They are also used in designing constrained peptidomimetics for structure-activity relationship studies. Racemic ACC analogues and nitrogen h

Animal fibres are amongst the most sophisticated materials which exist, possessing remarkable mechanical and chemical properties due to their nanostructures. Although having to compete against synthetic fibres over the last several decades, natural fibres offer the possibility of a sustained and dur

In this project we wish to apply computerized theorem proving tools to two aspects of geometry. The first aspect concerns computational geometry, the second aspect concerns verifying geometric reasoning steps in usual constructions, such as constructions with ruler and compass. We mainly want to use

The choice of measures naturally consistent to estimate and exploit the proximity of objects has been at the core of mathematics for thousand years. The information society has seen during the last decade a considerable – and still growing – amount of works around distortion measures that are partic

The wavelength range spanning from 2 to 4 µm is of particular interest for spectroscopy. Many molecules of industrial interest exhibit in that spectral region intense absorption lines, and lasers and detectors to mesure them work cw at room temperature, thus enabling industrial applications. However

The Curry-Howard correspondence, which relates mathematical proofs to computer programs, is a very powerful paradigm which, for the time being, is retricted to purely "sequential" programming languages. We plan to extend this paradigm to the concurrent languages described by process algebras such as

Objective: The control of light by small structures promises to play a major role for the next generation of optical information processes, future quantum computing devices and scalable data storage. Key to this control is to design new photonic structures with advanced or novel functionalities. Thi

The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is a recently proposed technique [Huang 1998] based on a local analysis of a time series which is decomposed into waveforms modulated in amplitude and frequency. EMD is restricted (by construction) to monovariate signals. However, in biological experiments, mu

1. Scientific context The study of minimal surfaces has a long history in mathematics. A new line of research opens today with the study of submanifolds in the nine homogeneous manifolds of the Thurston classification. This field was pioneered in 2002 by H. Rosenberg, team member, and has

In France, only a few studies have addressed the returns-to-education question. Moreover, no systematic econometric study has been conducted to analyse the returns-to-education in the French higher-education system, and, a fortiori, neither in its fundamental dimension of individual choice of discip

The methodological advances in the field of funerary archaeology (archaeo-anthropology, social history) and the constant increase in the amount of data have not yet ceded place to important syntheses. Centering the research on burials of children (up to 12-14 years of age) and with the support of an

This project deals with the fabrication of new types of aqueous foams, from which new materials will be developed ; being either able to respond macroscopically and reversibly to external stimuli, and providing us with some model systems for studying some biomechanics-related issues. The direction w

This project proposal is based on the collaboration of 4 french scientific institutions in order to develop a consistent research program on the Generalized Parton Distributions, which is a recent and promising theoretical concept in order to study the structure of the nucleon. The project articulat

The goal of this project, "Random Generation: Models, Methods and Algorithms", is to develop a set of fundamental methods and algorithms for the random generation of complex combinatorial structures. Such objects appear in a variety of applications, especially in computer science. Random generation

In many circumstances, interaction of radiations with matter leads to radical formation by excitation or ionisation of the molecules that constitutes the material. Such a radiolysis phenomenon is of critical importance for liquid water, which is widely used along the nuclear fuel cycle. Its sensitiv

Objectives : Nearly half the world population lives within 200 km of the coast, and this proportion is expected to reach 75% by 2025 (source: UNESCO). The littorals are also more intensively used by the shipping industry, growing with the globalization of world trade, mass tourism, and energy indust

1. Scientific context and aims of the project. The historian and the archaeologist must respond to the queries of their contemporaries on the past. If the strictly political history is nowadays in part relinquished to the profit of that of long movements, it is that our era is confronted with techni

The current interrogations on citizen relationship toward politics - high rate of abstentions, volatility of the electoral behaviors, distrust with regard to the politicians and of the traditional parties - caused reflexions of sociologists and political economists but also from specialists on the h

This project would like to assess the relationships between the construction of images in previously depressed cities, and their instrumental contribution in the evolution of urban identities. We will focus on two urban areas engaged in a process of renovation : the Region of Saint-Etienne and the m

This project aims to coordinate experimental and theoretical research on the subject of the so-called parametric instabilities which could be a major obstacle for the realization of the laser fusion scheme within the Inertial Confinement thermonuclear Fusion (ICF) concept if they are not controlled.

Density functional theory (DFT) is by now the most popular method for electronic structure calculations in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics, because of its unique combination of low computational cost and reasonable accuracy. There are, however, a few but important cases where even the

The main ambition of the proposed project is to produce 'colloidal molecules' made of robust aggregates of spherical particles of different chemical nature. Each constitutive particle type would identify itself with a specific atom type. It consists of new and versatile colloids with controlled and

This project focuses on the understanding and the tailoring of the structure property relationship at surfaces of complex metallic alloys. In the last few years, we have contributed significantly to crystallographic and electronic surface structure determination of some typical quasicrystalline pha

After the limited success of the combinatorial approach in drug discovery over the last fifteen years, the pharmaceutical industry is turning back to the natural products kingdom to find new lead molecules. To get these active substances on a large scale, the pharmaceutical industry thus relies on o

Micro total analytical systems (micro-TAS) meet many needs in separation sciences, among them in diagnosis. These miniaturized systems offer the possibility to provide high throughput analysis, with a low sample and reagent consumption (such as enzymes, receptors, antibodies), allowing the setup of

1- Scientific context Catalytic processes are more and more demanding in terms of conversion and selectivity, due especially to environmental issues. Therefore, a deep understanding for perfect control of the properties of catalytic sites is required, particularly in heterogeneous supported catalysi

Originally described in bacteria, drug transporters (or efflux pumps) are now recognized as major determinants in the modulation of the accumulation and efflux of antibacterials in virtually all cell types, from prokaryotes to superior eukaryotes. Based on sequence similarities with known transporte

Middle Infrared detection is developed for the applications of night vision or thermal imaging in general. Applications include fire fighting, medical or military applications. Figure 1 is a picture of a thermal image obtained with an infrared focal plane array. We can see a glas with hot liquid in

The major objectives of this project are the following: - Design a new stochastic model that will allow for an accurate prediction of the performance of workflow applications on grid computing platforms, - Design new and robust scheduling algorithms for executing such applications, and analytically

The word « stationarity » is ubiquitous in signal processing and data analysis but, often used in a loose sense, it may correspond to different qualities that are not necessarily captured by what is referred to as « stationarity » in textbooks. Classically, « stationarity » refers to stochastic proc

"The application field of membrane processes is growing to fluids of increasing complexity, containing both mineral and organic compounds sometimes at high concentrations. This is specially the case in the food industry for organic acids, dairy products, sugars,..., as well as for environmental appl

1. Laboratory and astrophysical plasmas are frequently affected by hydrodynamic turbulence, i.e. fluctuations of the velocity, density and temperature fields. The deleterious effect of these fluctuations on the confinement of magnetic fusion plasmas is now well known. Successful operation of the ITE

Clearly, atomistic simulations are most useful to characterize the structure of grain boundaries and unit processes of dislocation emission, ledge formation, absorption and transmission. But, the large length and time scales of polycrystalline responses preclude application of atomistics alone and n

In recent years, the design of biomimetic materials and systems has been the focus of increased attention. The properties, functions, and structures encountered in nature are increasingly appealing for non-biological applications: control of the structure at different levels, adaptation to the envir

Cellular materials are used in a large number of applications like core material in sandwich structures or impact energy absorber in passive security systems for goods or persons. The first objective of the LISTRAC (LIght STRuctures And Composites) project is to explore new investigation ways for th