Search - Usage du sous-sol dans une perspective énergétique - 2014

The recent expansion of the unconventional gas industry in North America and its potential advent in Europe has generated strong public concern regarding the protection of groundwater and surface water resources. Potential contaminations are linked to stray gas, saline formation water and hydraulic

The research project PreGO will examine the economic and societal issues that would result from a regulatory obligation to pre-configure any future deep borehole in order to be later converted as a geothermal vertical heat exchanger, whatever its initial destination – and instead of preferring a "de

The CRIPRONI project will implement a new modeling tool for nitride based light emitting diodes (LEDs) including for the first time the intrinsic disorder of nitride alloy materials. There is growing evidence that this disorder controls to a large extent the electrical and optical properties of ni

The CrySaLID project aims at answering the challenge of the understanding of the grain structure formation and its interaction with light impurities and defects in crystalline silicon for PV panels. The global objective of the CrySaLID project is to improve the control of the fabrication of crystall

Cold production is a basic need of development in many fields (food preservation, chemistry, electronics, transportation, air-conditioning), but it represents an energy cost equivalent to 15% of the electricity consumed in industrialized countries. Including the direct impact of current hydrofluoroc

CAPTIF project «Embedded innovative sensors and software in power electronic components« aims to improve the behavioral and lifetime models of power modules, by the integration of multiphysics set of sensors, and signal analysis. The objectives were, on the one hand, to propose a method of sensor de

Today, the World faces the challenge of switching to a bio-economy based on sustainable uses of biomass to produce chemicals and energy. Complementary solutions need to be found beyond agricultural raw materials of the first (sugar, starch) and second generation (wood, straw). Within this context,

A large number of industrial processes involve reactive flows in which a continuous fluid phase (liquid or gas) interacts with a dispersed solid phase: catalytic fluidized bed, combustion in a rotating drum, wood gasification, solid waste combustion. An enhanced mastering of these complex flows woul

Photosynthetic cells exposed to excess light use metabolic pathways to dissipate reducing power towards oxidative reactions. These pathways influence the energetics of the cell and either reduce photosynthetic performance because energy is no longer used for CO2 fixation or increase energy conservat

The exploitation of renewable energy sources is nowadays promoted by the public awareness that the earth’s fossil fuel reserves shall run out during this century and that meanwhile the world energy consumption is continually increasing. Thus our society urgently needs for energy transition that woul

DIGAS project aims at developing a heterogeneous catalytic process for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from sustainable sources and for several energy applications. The project goes in the frames of the Challenge “Clean, safe and effective energy” for the Young Scientist competition. Sy

Sodium layered oxides NaxMO2 (where x is comprised between 0 and 1 and M is a 3d cation) were initially studied thirty years ago for use as positive electrode materials in secondary batteries. However, competing lithium based battery technology soon showed more promise and research on sodium compoun

Hydrogenases are complex metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible oxidation of H2 at a bimetallic active site. They can potentially be used in biotechnological systems such as dihydrogen production by photosynthetic organism using solar energy. However, the inactivation of hydrogenases by O2 gre

We propose a new, non-conventional approach of synthesis of a new class of porous, carbon-based hybrid materials which aim to be optimal adsorbents of hydrogen for mobile applications. The project addresses both theoretical and experimental aspects of the problem of efficient H2 storage by physisorp

Our research program consists in studying how to reduce energy poverty in a sustainable way ie. without deteriorating the environment. In the absence of dedicated policies, the combination of world population growth and of world gross product growth leads to projections for emissions and CO2 concent

The UNESCOS project explores new frontiers for condensed matter physics: the interplay between new states of matter and superconductivity in strongly correlated electron systems. Unlocking this fundamental issue will provide materials scientists with new insights on how to design and produce new sup

High pressure premixed flames are submitted to important hydrodynamic instabilities. These flames are often used in recent applications of premixed flames, but are not very well understood. In this project , we study such flames by comparing non linear evolution equations to experiments for large bu

One major challenge for the wind enrgy development is the reduction of the power production costs. Using some advanced control system sis one lever to improve the wind turbine performance and so, to reduce the production cost. By proposing some innovative control strategies, with different degrees

Solid-state lighting (SSL) using light emitting diodes (LEDs) is recognized as a major disruptive technology expected in the near future to dominate the public lighting market. The advantages of SSL sources are the energy saving (50 % compared to typical lighting devices) and their potential stabili

EMODI is an industrial research project aiming at optimizing the dimensioning as well as both the predictive and the curative maintenances of submarine cables. It will concern the so-called static cable transmitting energy between countries and from offshore energy farms, as well as dynamic cables l

The work proposed in this project focuses on the manipulation i) of fluids in single-phase liquid state and ii) of liquid- vapor interfaces using electro-hydrodynamic effects with the aim of pumping and/or enhancing heat transfers at the interface between a fluid and a solid wall. In the current sta

The present proposal addresses the technologies of microcombustion involved in the generation and/or the use of energy by small-scale apparatus. Microcombustion stands for combustion taking place in small-scale environments of the order of magnitude of a few millimeters. Typically, microcombustion i

The ANVES project aims at enabling advanced and accurate LES modeling capabilities for high-order discontinuous finite element schemes for unstructured meshes. The main objectives are the development of (a) advanced strategies to model sub-grid scale turbulent dissipation via spectral or modal sele

The project FOREWER aims to address the crucial wind power modeling issues through a synergy between the statistical and probabilistic methodology and the modern meteorological models. This multidisciplinary public-private partnership brings together mathematicians working on stochastic modeling and

E-StorIc is a joint experimental and theoretical project primarily aimed at exploring the strategies to achieve multi-electron storage at the (supra-)molecular level, with special emphasis on exploitation of reversible bond formation. Multi-electron handling at the nano-scale is indeed a key challen

The development of new technologies for electrochemical energy storage is one of the main challenges of the next decades. Many hopes now rely on lithium-ion batteries that have invaded the market of laptops and which appear to be the best choice with the short time for electric vehicles, and perhaps

Our planet faces formidable sustainability challenges that call for rigorous and relevant research on various disciplines which include, among others, the field of electrochemical energy storage. Batteries have become essential in tackling global warming and energy security. Rechargeable Li-ion batt

The current cost of producing butanol by the petrochemical route is too high to allow its use as a biofuel. In this respect, the Cellutanol project proposes to produce this alcohol using a biological route, to reduce its production cost. The selected microorganism, Escherichia coli, is a non-pathoge

Superconductivity (SC) is the ultimate energy-saving technology because this state of matter exhibits a zero resistance state (when the material is cooled below a certain temperature Tc), enabling electrical transport without dissipation. In a context of tension for energy provision combined with th

Access to cheap and abundant sources of energy now becomes a key challenge for our modern society [Chu2012]. Several opportunities for renewable energy production are nowadays available, ranging from solar and wind to water-based power generation [Logan2012]. It is furthermore accepted that a mix of

The project aims to study the impact of lattice dynamics and oxygen ordering on the amplification of oxygen mobility, at low temperature, in K2NiF4 type oxides. In particular it will allow to strengthen and to extend a new phonon-assisted diffusion mechanism, we recently proposed to understand, at t

The ASTORIX project aims to develop new absorption selective coatings for solar receivers installed in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants using central tower and linear Fresnel technologies working at temperatures above 500°C. The objective is to combine new solar selective coatings based on

To meet rising energy demand, inexpensive and carbon-neutral energy sources must be developed. Solar-driven electrochemical splitting of water to molecular hydrogen and oxygen are small molecule transformations that hold promise as routes of storing sunlight in energy-dense chemical bonds. Activat

Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is a complex network of polymers building the plant cell walls and considered as a sustainable alternative to fossil carbon to produce fuels and chemicals. However, structural and chemical complexity of LB limits its industrial transformation when using enzymes as cataly

First generation of solar cells, based on high quality c-Si wafers, has dominated the PV market over half-century. Indirect crystalline silicon band gap (around 1.12 eV) causes the reduced light absorption in near- infrared part of spectrum. For the sufficient absorption of all the photons above ban

The research topic we wish to develop herein deals with novel molecular designs of host materials for high-efficiency/stability blue Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes (PhOLEDs). Indeed, in order to reduce the energy consummation, new efficient sources of low-energy white light are require

Clays are microporous media subject to water adsorption thereby giving an unusual mechanical behavior to these materials. In particular, thermal expansion of normally consolidated clay is irreversible, negative (i.e., it shrinks) and its amplitude is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than usual valu

The marine energies constitute a strategic sector of the renewable energies to diversify and complete the national energy mix. At present, France put on technologies close to the industrial stage: offshore wind energy and the marine turbines. In stages of more upstream research, demonstrators of wav

Photo2Batt aims at the emergence of innovative energy-related technologies situated at the frontier research between material sciences and supramolecular chemistry. It is a proposal offering a good balance between fostering new fundamental knowledge and a disruptive concept applied to solar energy.

A magnetic field is a very powerful thermodynamic parameter to influence the state of any material system. Consequently magnetic fields serve as an experimental tool in very diverse research areas like condensed matter physics, molecular physics, chemistry and, with increasing importance, in biology

Studying electroactive biofilms (EAB) has become a very active field of research in the last fifteen years (more than 1000 articles/year in recent years). EABs develop spontaneously on the surface of electrodes immersed in microbial cultures or simply in environments rich in microorganisms. They all

- To characterize the hydrodynamics of inertial confinement of a void cavity inside a liquid. To describe the dynamics and the singularity of the bubble collapse as well as surface instabilities development We have shown that for 2D bubbles, mass transfers from the bubble core to the wall are limite

This 42 month project will be carried out in close collaboration between three academic laboratories (UCCS University of Lille, IC2MP University of Poitiers and LCMCP at the Collège de France) and one private company (EDF). In the past decade, advances in lithium ion batteries enabled the commercial

Catalytic transformation of lignin into biofuels and simple aromatic substrates is of prime interest from an energetic and economic point of view. In order to valorize lignin, novel highly active and selective catalysts have to be designed. Thus, the CATAPILS project deals with the development of a

Lignin is one of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass, and is co-produced during cellulose fragmentation in pulp industry or ethanol biorefinery but lignin is still poorly valorized. Nevertheless, its abundance and its polyaromatic structure composed of hydroxypropyl-methoxyphenols units m

There is an urgent need to address the environmental and energy challenges that the planet is facing. The main issue at stake is the so-called global warming, which is linked to the combination of two phenomena: an increasing demand for fossil fuels in spite of their limited availability and a conco

Composite materials are extensively used in marine renewable energy systems due to their high stiffness and excellent long term behaviour. Indeed, the blades of offshore wind turbines and tidal are made of several parts. These sub-structures are then assembled using adhesively bonded solutions. Howe

In order to contribute to the improvement of subsoil exploitation techniques for energy purposes, we make microsystems to study the fracture properties of natural and artificial clays, at various space and time scales, under various clay concentrations. The technology we propose allows to incorpora

Scientifically and technologically, but also economically, dye chemistry has represented a major field of activity in chemical industry and academic research since the 19th century. Nowadays, dye sciences are facing new exciting challenges. Given the announced shortage in fossil fuels, alternative e

The CORECAT industrial research project involves 3 academic partners (Armines, LEPMI and ICCF) and 2 small companies (PaxiTech and SymbioFCell). The project proposes to overcome the technological barriers inherent to the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) materials to allow their large comm