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This project aims at re-evaluating the synthetic potential of nitroarenes. We proposed to develop new dearomatisation reactions via cycloadditions involving electron rich reagents (such as dienes , alkenes , dipoles) in order to access amino compounds having tetrasubstituted carbon centers at the ri

This proposal is centered on the development of new synthetic methodologies and their application towards the total synthesis of complex biologically important natural products. The synthesis of high molecular complexity structure in a step economical fashion from simple achiral substrate remains c

The past two decades have seen the emergence of nonlinear optics based techniques, two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy (TPM) and second-harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM), as powerful tools for cell imaging in general and for cell membrane imaging in particular. These two techniques could bec

Our project takes place in the current debate about the origins of language. It is now internationally recognized that the evolution of vocal communication is a tractable problem if approached in an interdisciplinary way (human/life sciences). Despite their proximity to human, nonhuman primates (NHP

Learning new complex activities takes a long time before reaching the full achievement of an expert. With intensive practice in a task under attentional control, the mode of processing changes in qualitative ways. In both everyday and scientific terminology, processing is said to become automatic. O

Human growth is the set of changes that occur between fertilization and achievement of the full adult potential. Unique changes occur, and many adult features are acquired during adolescence. Events that have a major impact on maturation are triggered during this key growth period. The various model

Global environmental threats, in particular climate change, have been identified as potential causes of large migration flows in the future (UNFPA, 2001). Although the climate is a global good, available projections indicate that climate change damages will differ significantly according to region a

Religious and faith-based organizations on the roads of African migration. Since the 1990's, international migrations departing from sub-Saharan Africa have been restructuring themselves in order to reach 'northern forteresses' et step-by-step migration through the Sahara desert has become, once aga

This research project aims to evaluate the level of diversity of news on the Internet. In democratic societies, media are considered as essential means of expression and debate for citizens. From this point of view, the pluralism of news must be granted. And several public authorities are actually a

The proposal is a fundamental research project on the econometric modeling of multivariate, macroeconomic time series. Its global aim is to provide new measures of risk that might be useful for the evaluation of financial stability. Why is it necessary to develop new risk measures' Because tradition

Geochronological methods have already played a major role in our understanding of the Middle Stone Age in Africa. Once believed to be in a late position when compared to the European Upper Paleolithic, it is now considered to have been broadly contemporaneous with the Middle Paleolithic and to have

A number of studies, both on a European (Dublin Foundation, the European Agency in Bilbao, etc.) and national (e.g. DARES) level, have shown that certain effects of current changes in work (greater pressure, production organisation, etc.) are placing increasing stress on workers' mental health. Whil

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are second messengers that relay external signals to downstream effector proteins. In cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells, cyclic nucleotides control several key functions such as the relaxation tone or the proliferat

Cell-matrix adhesion plays a major role during cell migration. Proteins from adhesion structures connect the extra-cellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. This connection allows the growing actin network to push the plasma membrane and the contractile cables (stress fibers) to draw the cell body.

In a world increasingly perturbed by human activities it is now urgent to evaluate the potential role of biodiversity on shaping ecosystems properties and services. To this end it is necessary to both understand the mechanisms that drive species richness dynamics and their relationships with ecosyst

The endosymbiotic '-proteobacteria of the genus Wolbachia inflict an impressive arsenal of reproductive alterations to increase their frequency in their host's offspring. Wolbachia can also express direct virulence, especially upon transfection, reducing the life span of their host. 'Wolbachia based

It is difficult to attribute certain known characteristics of the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer, such as the intermittency of turbulence, to purely dynamical effects in a stationary external flow, or to more complex interactions, with soil or with an evolving external flow. Our worki

One of the main activities in Astronomy is the detection of exoplanets and the study of planet formation inside the dusk disk around a host star. In order to allow observation within the disk, infrared observations are a good option since they give access to cool matter studies, where optical (visib

Numerous processes located at the Earth surface or at its sub-surface imply interactions between fluids and minerals and lead to important modifications of the initial geological material. Such interactions require taking into account the mineralogy and the texture of the material, the chemical reac

The aim of this proposal is to investigate the carbon-climate coupling through the study of major global transitions between icehouse and greenhouse states that Earth already experienced. Icehouse periods (i.e. times when polar continents are covered by ice sheets) have occurred only two times over

Europe is the world's oldest continent in demographic terms. It has the highest median age of all continents (38 years) and 20.6% of its population is aged 60 and over. By 2050, this figure will reach 34.5% and the number of 'oldest old' (people aged 80 and over) is expected to grow by 180% (source

1. Scientific context 2. Description of the proposal, methodology 3. Expected results 1. One necessarily notices the importance of eschatological expectations in the contemporary world. Because of globalisation, it has almost become a world-wide social phenomenon even though the epicentre is located

Stock market activity used to be concentrated on floors, but thanks to progress in communication technologies, most exchanges are now electronic. This has enabled financial institutions to develop programs to automate most of their trading strategies. Algorithmic trading may be defined as the automa

DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) are highly harmful lesions since they can lead to mutations and chromosome rearrangements, themselves promoting tumour progression. Eucaryotic cells have thus developed efficient DNA repair processes, mainly homologous recombination (HR), and Non Homologous End Joinin

We aim in this project to confirm and extend quite promising experimental results on the optical and magnetoelectronic interplay in multifunctional magnetic tunnel junctions. These results appear to hinge on the presence of energy states in the band gap of the ultrathin tunnel barrier (a few nm thic

We ambition to implement the initialization and non-destructive measurement of an electron spin resident in a quantum dot in a microcavity, taking advantage of the enhanced light-matter interaction to increase the initialization and measurement performances. We aim at the real-time observation of th

The present project aims at investigating the microscopic diffusive dynamics of water molecules in pure water and water-salt solutions, with future extensions to other hydrogenous liquids, under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) and Molecular Dy

Variability is an inherent feature of motor output both between and within subjects in all categories of tasks. Yet traditionally this feature of motor behavior has been dismissed as insignificant in many theories of motor control and operationally treated as a standard deviation in distributional s

The next five years will prove to be crucial for particle physics, especially for its extension to «beyond the standard model». Indeed, within five years the LHC will have supplied us with more than three years of data, when the more competitive experiments in the field of astroparticle (direct dete

Reshaping man : medical discoveries and philosophies of human nature in Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Europe (German Empire, Great Britain, France) The research project « Philomed » investigates the impact of medical discoveries on the philosophical anthropology in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Ce

The present proposal aims to study the effects of emotion and attention on memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Particularly, we are interested in combined effects of emotion and attention on this function. This is the main novelty of this project. We combine the expertise of researchers with a multi

Ritual practices of protohistoric populations along the north occidental Mediterranean Sea are far from being completely known, though these subjects made significant progress in others areas. Our project intend to resume the hole matter of those practices ' except burial ones even we'll take them i

The oases of the western Egyptian desert are, from a geographical and cultural standpoint, linked with the Nile Valley and the Egyptian Delta. Being located at the borders of pharaonic Egypt, they present nevertheless a distinct and specific aspect, compared with other regions of the country. In spi

In humans, evolution is not only biological but also cultural: humans develop new technologies, modify their diet, control their reproduction, build up complex social organizations etc. Biologists and social scientists have become all the more interested into this double evolution since there is gro

RNA viruses have the highest mutation frequencies in nature, which are in large part attributed to the low fidelity of their viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp). Explosive replication kinetics coupled with high mutation rates quickly generate highly diverse populations (quasispecies) maintain

It is increasingly recognized that energy consumption is a key constraint on neural function. To ensure optimal efficiency in synaptic transmission, plasticity and energy supply of local networks, multiple molecules are exchanged between neurons and astrocytes. A major breakthrough in the understand

Insulin resistance (IR) is a key defect associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The precise factors that lead to IR have not been elucidated fully, but there is a strong association between IR and inappropriate lipid accumulation in insulin-target tissues. Over the past decade, several st

Arterial diseases have engendered growing interest do their unfavorable impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Arterial hypertension is a common health problem that affects 25% of the adult population in industrialized societies and a major risk factor of myocardial infarction and stroke.

From isolated case reports, the scale of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has become a global pandemic, and HIV the most extensively studied and notorious pathogen in history. 35 million people are estimated to live with HIV by the end of the 2008. Based on compelling evidence that CD

The diagnosis of hemodynamics of microvessels may affect the early detection of the consequences of metabolic disorders such as diabetes or affections of the whole vascular system such as hypertension. In particular, the eye presents a showcase of microvascular network accessible to optical imaging

The 'traditional communities' of the Amazon region consist of social groups whose way of life is characterized by an intimate knowledge of the environment. Facing the problem of deforestation in tropical forests and its negative consequences (global change, CO2 emissions, loss of biodiversity, etc.)

The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Institutional transition or return to paternalism' 1-topicality of the subject The question of the capacities of regulation of the CSR is today in the heart of the local concerns (it is one of the axes of the project of regional development around the durab

This project in cognitive psychology aims at describing the relationship between the temporal organization of stimuli and memory processes. Two experimental and theoretical research subjects are developed: 1) the study of the effect of the manipulation of presentation orders of stimuli, and the mode

This project is the natural follow-up of recent results by the applicants Boissière, Chaput, Chiodo, Mann, Perrin and Zvonkine, which shed new light on important symmetries in Gromov-Witten theory, a major branch in algebraic geometry inspired by theoretical physics. The method is to exploit the com

The mathematical and numerical analysis of models from fluids mechanics has recently known spectacular developments during the past ten years especially in the domain of complex fluids, compressible fluids mechanics and free surface flows. We propose to develop a project inside the Institut Camille

The general purpose of this project is the study of various aspects of the representation theory of reductive groups (possibly over finite fields). We propose to focus on three main aspects: 1. Double affine Grassmannians and representations of Kac-Moody groups: the aim here is to extend previous wo

Contact linguistics is still little developed in France despite the fact that it is already a thriving area of research in Germany and in Anglophone countries. There are two broad lines of research. The first one, from a diachronic perspective, focuses on the description of the outcomes of contact a

Psychiatric disorders affect up to one in four individuals during their lifetime and represent approximately 15 % of the total burden of disease; the associated human, economic and social costs are massive. Mental health difficulties generally occur during the transition between adolescence and adul

Human activities in marine ecosystems are facing three major challenges: implementing an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries, achieving conservation objectives, and anticipating the effects of climatic change. Addressing each of those three issues requires specific scientific frameworks. Neverthel

This project prospects for molecular devices suitable for the next information processing technologies. This is a very challenging topic because the molecular devices are regarded as the most probable candidates to supersede the present semiconductor technology. Since practical applications require

Most anticancer therapeutic drugs target molecules controlling cell proliferation and have deleterious side effects on rapidly renewing cell populations such as those of the hematopoietic lineage or the intestinal lining. In contrast to the antiproliferative therapeutic approach, little success was

This project aims at understanding (for prediction, model and control purposes) the fundamental physical mechanisms driving large interface deformation in situations of broad interest. Large interface deformations are observed in a wide variety of fundamental physical problems (drop impact, granular

Low-temperature detectors are a proven and indispensable sensor technology. Increasingly, they are being deployed in sensitive, high-speed detection applications in both the scientific and industrial sectors. Throughout the last decades, development of low-temperature detectors focused narrowly on t

Intracellular transport is mediated by small tubulo-vesicular carriers that concentrate cargo molecules and bud off the membrane of the donor compartment. Molecular sorting and membrane deformation are critical initial steps in intracellular transport. Although the molecular mechanisms leading to so

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with an ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose tissues such as skeletal muscle which plays an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance. Ectopic lipids mainly accumulate as triacylglycerol (TAG) in skeletal muscle. An inverse

Bacteria adapt constantly their growth rate to the nutritional status of their environment. In case of a sudden starvation stress, they start the stringent response characterized by growth arrest and activation of stress response genes. Both growth rate control and the stringent response are mediate

The aim of this project is the fabrication and the characterization of integrated plasma microreactors in silicon. These microdevices can be utilized in the near future either in MEMS technology (e.g. microsensors, lab on chip, micro Total Analysis Systems'), if they are associated to the microfluid

Interactive proof assistants provide a very expressive logical formalism, rich enough to allow extremely precise descriptions of complex objects like the meta theory of a programming language [LCH07], a model of C compiler [Ler06], or the proof of the Four Color Theorem [Gon08]. This description inc

Anticancer drugs are frequently detected in aquatic environments at levels from 0.1 and 5 µg/l. These compounds are released after excretion from the patient and reached sewage systems via hospital or domestic wastewater. Most of these compounds are not completely removed during their passage throug

In the long-term, the world's energy system may have to be based on non-fossil energy sources in order to reduce CO2 emissions. The decarbonisation of fossil fuels and the capture and storage of CO2 would help the transition to a future carbon-free energy system. The CO2FUEL project goes further and

Apoptosis is playing a key role in cancer genesis. Nevertheless, It has been recently shown that apoptosis inhibition was NOT sufficient to allow cell survival and transformation. This indicated that, in condition where apoptosis is blocked, a 'death back-up mechanism' can take place and kill the ce

The membrane-bound mucin MUC1 is expressed at the apical pole of epithelial cells and bears a long glycosylated extracellular domain (500 nm). MUC1 interacts with ErbB receptor family and plays a role in signal transduction. MUC1 contributes to tumour invasion by simultaneously disrupting existing i

Deep radio observations of the sky have revealed the presence of diffuse radio sources in about 10% of known galaxy clusters. Their emission is not associated to single galaxies, but to the presence of intracluster relativistic particles and magnetic fields. One of the main open questions of modern

The germline of a wide variety of animals express a special class of small RNAs called piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Its presence in the murine germline was shown in early 2006, and since then, intense research activity is focused on understanding the role of these RNAs. Initial studies show that

1-Scientific background and objectives The physical and chemical properties of solid aerosols in planetary atmospheres, as well as their way of formation, remain today not well understood. However, the complex organic matter thus produced is of great interest for astrobiology, and these aerosols are

The face of Internet has dramatically changed over the last few years, from a small community of specialists with research and engineering needs to a space with billions of users using it in their daily life. Jupiter research expects the number of users to attain up to 1.5 billions in 2008 from 1.1

Mass-independent isotope fractionation (MIF) effects in natural terrestrial environments were discovered twice during the 20th century - for the elements oxygen and sulfur. Both discoveries have opened a broad variety of applications, including physical chemistry studies, atmospheric chemistry, pala

The cell membrane of archaea are composed of very specific membrane lipids that are responsible for a fine tuned modulation of the cell membrane properties (rigidity, fluidity, permeability, asymmetry of the membrane,..). The specific structures of these lipids are directly related to these properti

Partial discharges (PD ' a discharge affecting a small distance as compared to the distance between electrodes to which the voltage is applied) in solid insulated electrical systems and the way they affect insulation quality has for decades been a rewarding subject for many researchers. This is beca

The aim of this project is to create a new team combining complementary research skills and expertises in Controlled Radical Polymerisation ('Polymer Chemistry Team' ,UMR 7610, Pierre and Marie Curie University) and in supramolecular chemistry ( 'Supramolecular Polymers Team',UMR 8009, University of

Individual decision processes have often been overlooked in insect societies. However, investigating the mechanisms underlying these processes allows understanding how individuals adjust to their environment and thereby adaptively satisfy their needs and the colony's. The theoretical framework of ou

In this project, an experimetnal study of micro-mechanisms arising during the flow of highly concentrated fibre suspensions is proposed. The general objective is to better understand the flow of short fibre reinforced polymer composites during their forming phase, by linking their rheology with thei

The project developed around L. BALAN, specialized in the synthesis and characterization of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and in photomaterials. L. BALAN and J.P. MALVAL, who is currently working on specific interactions between chromophores and MNPs, constitute the core of the project team. R. SCHNEID

More than one third of the population suffers from sleep-wake disorders. Difficulties to maintain wakefulness (narcolepsy, hypersomnia, sommolence) are the most invalidating disorders and are responsible for many accidents every year. One of the largest obstacles facing medical research into these d

Context: The origins of the DETECT project lie in the relationship between several recent practical problems from computer vision and bioinformatics, and methodologies from statistical theory and machine learning. On the one hand, understanding actions and human interactions in video still is an ope

Transition metal oxides are widely studied these last two decades due to their exceptional physical properties such as superconductivity, magnetism (Colossal magnetoresistance), thermoelectricity, dielectric, multiferroique or for their insertion properties for the energy storage. as electrode mater

The aim of this project is the realization of photonic crystals based on the porous-silicon material system for biosensing applications. Combining the unique properties of planar photonic crystals with those of porous silicon allows for the design and realization of highly innovative photonic device

Meat-type chickens have long been selected on growth performance traits. However, the significant improvement in chicken body weight and muscle growth has not been associated with similar growth of specific visceral organs such as heart and lungs. The consequence of such a discrepancy is a reduced a

Studies on protein methylation have been essentially focused on histone proteins. Thus, histones and particularly their N-terminal tails are modulated by a large number of lysine and ariginine methylation. Lysine methylation is recognized as an important indexing system demarcating transcriptionally

Drought is one of the greatest limitations to crop expansion outside the present-day agricultural areas. It will become increasingly important in regions of the globe where, in the past, the problem was negligible, due to the recognized changes in global climate. Today there is a concern with improv

The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) is an essential key virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis that displays the unique capability of delivering its catalytic domain directly across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic target cells. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in this remarkable process remain la

In this project, we propose to study the mechanisms of earthquake faulting that occur at depth by using field observations of exhumed faults, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations designed to reproduce the spatio-temporal coupling between earthquakes and slow, aseismic, deformation that

Glioblastomas are the most common form of primary brain tumors in adults. Therapeutic options are limited and survival do not exceed 15 months. The poor prognosis of this cancer is explained by the recurrence of tumors due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC). Differentiated tumor cells are se

Noise in urban areas is a major social problem. There is a strong demand, from both citizens, who want a reduction of urban noise, and governments and communities, who need predicting tools and reliable measurements of urban soundscapes. As an answer to this growing social demand and the need for ac

With the continuous trend towards nanoscale technology and increased integration of complex electronic functions in embedded systems, ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electronic systems is a great challenge. In the past 10 years, concerns about electromagnetic compatibility have r

Cell migration is essential for processes like embryonic development, immune response, wound repair, and metastasis. It implies sequential cell protrusion (membrane deformation), formation of focal adhesions, traction and retraction of the cell rear. All these processes are induced by the rapid reor

Maintaining blood glucose concentrations within physiological ranges constitutes a major challenge for mammalian organisms, which have to face important variations in their nutritional status during the day. The importance of this regulation is underlined by the adverse consequences of chronic hyper

The ASOURIX project is proposed by a 4 young researcher team from Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP) and aims at developing laser produced coherent sources in the XUV domain with wavelengths between 10 to 20 nm. Those sources are soft x-ray lasers generated by the interaction of i

The aim of this proposal is to study original composite fibres in order to develop tuneable laser sources emitting at new wavelengths (especially for the unconventional UV-visible and mid-IR ranges) for applications in information storage, remote sensing of molecules, processing of medical diagnosti

Plant root architecture is determined by the adaptation of lateral root number and distribution to soil environmental conditions. In legumes, interactions with symbiotic microorganisms lead in addition to the formation of another type of root-derived organ, the nitrogen-fixing nodules. Overall, thes

The association between the development of metastases and the risk of thrombotic complications has been documented a long time ago. Armand Trousseau was the first in 1865 to establish a direct correlation between thrombophlebitis and development of cancers. Since that time, the close relationship li

The functional maintenance of the intestinal epithelium homeostasis involves a fine coordination between proliferation in crypts, differentiation, during migration along the villi and apoptosis. Enterocytes represent the major differentiated cell population of this epithelium. Their absorptive funct

There are only a few places in the world that offer the opportunity to study the dynamics of divergent plate boundaries on land. The Afar Depression is one of them. We propose two complementary volcano-tectonic rift studies: the Wal'is Dabbahu Rift (WD, Ethiopia) and the Asal-Ghoubbet Rift (AG, Djib

Sexual selection, as traditionally viewed, is predicted to increase, rather than decrease, population adaptive potential. This prediction stems from the fact that the good-genes process allows the selection against deleterious mutations to affect males more than females. This process would entail a

This project is placed in the general context of Information Security. More specifically, the project will investigate the areas of cryptography and computer algebra, and their influence on the security and integrity of digital data. The modern world is completely reliant on digital technologies. Al

Femtosecond laser systems are now widely available. They are extensively used for applications ranging from material science, biology and medecine to high energy density physics (HEDP). In the particular case of HEDP, femtosecond lasers with multi-TeraWatt peak-powers are extensively used for short

Membrane fusion is a fundamental biological process which is central to many areas of physiology, including neuronal communication, viral infection, and the maintenance of shape and function of mitochondria. The fusion of biological membranes uses complex molecular machineries, orchestrated by speci

Despite its utility (nuclear industry, medicine...), radiation chemistry is still a science facing challenges that are relevant to fundamental science. Our project is dedicated to the introduction of vibrational spectroscopy in this field because this technique is an efficient probe of the nature of

Acute ischemic brain injury, enclosing hypoxic-ischemia is one of the major causes of death and long-term disability in adult life for which currently there is no promising therapy. Acute ischemic brain injury is related to considerable medical and non-medical costs. The increase of their incidence

Mechanisms of transcriptional repression are important during terminal differentiation of cells. In addition to tissue-specific transcription factors, chromatin modifications play a central role in cell fate regulation. Skeletal muscle terminal differentiation is orchestrated by the myogenic transcr

Paleogenomics, the study of ancestral genome structures (chromosome number, gene content, genome size), allows the identification and characterization of mechanisms (i.e. duplications, translocations and inversions) that have shaped genome species during their evolution. It also permits to define mo

Over the last few years, our group has been interested in tin-free methodologies and in this context, we have investigated the synthetic potential of dialkylzincs regarding radical chemistry, more particularly we have studied their use as mediators in radical additions to various acceptors. An inter

The cupin superfamily of proteins is one of the most functionally diverse family any described to date. It was named after the common structural core composed by eight '-strands folded into a distorted jellyroll motif (Double Stranded '-Helix fold, DSBH) forming a '-barrel. This highly stable core c

The CROCRODIEL project aims at understanding and developing the promising family of Ba2LnFe(Nb,Ta)4O15 (Ln = rare earth) room temperature composites multiferroics. Recent studies of TTB ceramics have demonstrated the potential of these materials and the particular crystal-chemistry of their Tetragon

Research oriented towards the design of new tools enabling the creation of stereogenic centers with high degrees of selectivity through environmentally friendly methodologies constitutes a major objective of both academic and industrial chemists. Metal catalyzed enantioselective homogeneous catalysi

The present energy and environment context is rather favourable to the development of alternate and/or new energies, like hydrogen. Nevertheless the issue regarding its storage hinders the development of a hydrogen economy. Today several storage solutions have been envisaged. Among the most promisin

The objective of this research project is to capture carbon dioxide inside crushed demolished concretes. The higher specific surfaces of these crushed concretes could allow for a far higher CO2 capturing speed via carbonation reactions than when the material is still part of a wall or a slab. The CO

Data is often nonnegative by nature, consider for example pixel intensities, amplitude spectra, occurrence counts, food consumption, user scores or stock market values. Optimal processing of such data may call for processing under nonnegativity constraints. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is