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We are going to consider several fundamental problems related to bases and frames in Banach spaces of analytic functions. A frame in a Hilbert space is a system of vectors such that taking the scalar products of a given vector with those produces "coordinates", the sum of squared moduli of which wil

The aim of the « Microwave » ANR Blanc proposal is to build and implement new simulation techniques using microlocal analysis for pseudo- and paradifferential operators. Until now, microlocal methods were mainly applied to the analysis of Partial Differential Equations, leading to fine mathematical

The preparation of controlled assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) is a hot topic in Materials Science. From the point of view of applications, such functional ordered arrays of magnetic NPs with size-dependent properties should lead to magnetic and magneto-electronic nanodevices. Indeed films

Ultrafiltration with polymeric membranes is highly established in the production of drinking water as well as in dairy industry. In use conditions in industrial plants, membranes have to be frequently cleaned by physical and chemical treatments. These treatments avoid the bacterial development in th

The CHIRnMAG project is dedicated to the investigation of the magneto-chiral dichroism exhibited by low dimensional molecular magnets, i.e. SMMs and SCMs. The proposed study is aimed at demonstrating that light could be used to read the spin state (up or down) of such materials without altering the

Since 1910 and the first evocation of the effect of precession on the Earth's core, it has been suggested that the geomagnetic field could be modulated by the precession of the earth's rotation axis. This hypothesis was supported by theoretical but controversial considerations. It is now supported b

With this proposal, we aim to decisively increase our knowledge about the supramolecular organization of human TFIID by applying an array of biochemical, biophysical and in vivo cell biology techniques that converge to address fundamentally important biological questions. We will exclusively work on

With the advent of high technology sensors and efficient computing facilities, massive data sets with complex structures are routinely collected across a wide range of scientific disciplines. To analyze such data, the statistical community is faced with multiple challenges among which the developmen

Energy transduction in mitochondria or chloroplasts is performed by oligomeric proteins that comprise subunits of dual genetic origin, some of them being encoded by the organelle genome, whereas the others are nucleus-encoded. How the expression of the two genetic compartments is coordinated to prod

This project is dedicated to the realization, characterization and optimization of plasmonic probes for near field optics. Plasmonic probes consists of metallic structures deposited on an elongated optical fiber. Indeed, metallic structures are well-known to support surface plasmon polariton modes

Selenium, an element originally known for its toxicity, is now recognized to be an essential trace element and is marketed as a lifestyle drug (despite its narrow therapeutic conditions). A number of clinical and preclinical studies suggest beneficial effects of selenium related to cardiomyopathy, t

This is a proposal in model theory and its interactions with number theory and algebraic geometry. Model theory is a part of mathematical logic dealing with abstract structures (models) and has a long history of connections to algebra. The goal of this project is to strengthen these interdiscipli

Measurements of the neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM), as well as EDM of other particles or atoms, are considered to be of top priority by the particle physics community, since they may reveal new sources of CP violation and give first evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). The disc

The concept of chirality is present in many chemistry fields, amongst which the materials science one is very much concerned. The influence of the chirality on the physical properties, such as magnetism and conductivity, of molecular materials constitutes a relatively recent challenge. This feature

The mechanical properties of polycrystalline metals with nanometric or ultrafine grains differ dramatically from their bulk counterparts due to grain boundary strengthening effects. They have, therefore, attracted a great deal of interest in the recent years. However, the knowledge of the underlying

Nitrogen is the mineral nutrient required in the highest amounts by plants and is most frequently limiting for growth and yield, leading to massive use of N fertilizer in agriculture. In higher plants, the molecular basis of root NO3- uptake has been the matter of intensive studies during the last d

Taste is in charge of evaluating the nutritious content of food and preventing the ingestion of toxic substances. Sweet taste helps us choose high energy food whereas bitter taste protects us agains ingesting toxic substances. Taste sense organs are located in the pharyngeal cavity (tongue in mice a

In the past decades spintronics has been the subject of intense investigations because of both its large fundamental interest (mechanism of spin-transport) and its high potential for applications (read heads in hard drives, MRAM, etc.). Nowadays, the parallel developments of theoretical and experime

The scientific community can now study and simulate physical, chemical and biological phenomena with mathematical models of increasing level of complexity. However many models involving system of partial differential equations (PDEs), with a large number of unknowns as well as a large spectrum of te

Trypanosoma brucei is a flagellated protozoan parasite that is used as a model organism to study biological phenomena such as gene expression, protein trafficking and cytoskeleton biogenesis. In T. brucei and related parasites endo- and exocytosis occurs exclusively through a specialized, sequestere

Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the regulation of immune responses generated by vaccination which is an effective and sustainable way to control infectious diseases, both in human and in animals of our environment (specific diseases and zoonoses). The design of new vaccine strategies implies

Pathogens are a threat for crops and natural plant populations. A major challenge in plant breeding is to identify the genetic and molecular bases for natural resistance variation in plant species. The identification of genes underlying natural resistance variation might have enormous implications f

Microtubules are dynamic structures of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. They are involved in functions as different as the intracellular traffic or the formation of the mitotic spindle. They alternate between growth and shrinking phases in a process termed dynamic instability. The ''-tubulin heterodimer

The CRWTH project (Carbon-Tungsten Ternary compounds with Hydrogen for fusion reactor walls) aims to provide certain answers related to mixed materials plasma-facing components (PFCs) issues, expected to arise in fusion reactors currently being designed (such as the new JET wall planned for 2011 and

During the last decade, a part of the international geophysical and geodetic communities have focused their activities towards the analysis of the climate system in the frame of global change. An important effort has been done to better understand the coupling between the atmosphere, the hydrosphere

The reduction of noise in aeronautics and car industry is currently driving an intensive research in aeroacoustics. In particular, numerical tools of simulation are developed, which should provide a better understanding of the complex phenomena resulting from the interaction between acoustics and fl

The main scientific challenge is the qualitative study of optimal shapes for some classes of shape functionals involving partial differential equations and/or geometric quantities associated naturally with shapes: measure, perimeter, curvature. We are particularly interested to handle non smooth and

Electrical efficiency relies on highly integrated designs of electronic devices especially power converters. Topological and functional evolutions involve new power conversion architectures. Especially, packaging must be designed in 3D and in a compact manner while enabling operation in severe condi

Research on fusion energy has entered a new era with the decision to build ITER in Cadarache, France. The success of this international endeavour is crucial for all partners, the host country, as well as for the PACA region where Cadarache is located. The association of several laboratories in the P

The DYNABLOCKs project is part of a bundle of explorations to implement Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry in the field of material science. Here, we propose to focus our work on libraries of a firm new kind of objects, namely dynamic self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymers that display a tunable a

The CCAAT-box is a ubiquitous cis-acting regulatory element found in approximately 30% of eukaryotic promoters. The major protein complex binding this motif is the CCAAT-box binding complex (CBF), also called HAP (for Heme activator protein) in yeast and plants and nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) in animals

The catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes and more specifically its enantioselective version is nowadays a scientific and economic challenge. Concerning the activated alkenes, the area is still little developed and applications to the synthesis of products (chiral amines) of high commer

Tracking the electronic motion in time and space is a main challenge of forthcoming matter science (DOE report 2007). To resolve electron dynamics in matter at the femtosecond time scale or less, attosecond pulses are needed. Since 2001 and first generation of attosecond light pulses, the field has

LIDAU is a 3-year project focused on large scale radiative transfer numerical simulations during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). In the next decade, this period in the history of the universe will be unveiled though observations of the 21 cm emission of neutral hydrogen in the inter-galactic medium

Texture analysis is one of the fundamental issues of Image Processing, which has many applications in medical imaging. In this project, texture analysis issues are tackled from a probabilistic view point, considering the image as a realization of a random field whose properties reflect those of the

The project is focused on tyrosinase (Ty), a copper-containing metalloenzyme which to date remains poorly characterized. Ty belongs to the type-3 copper-containing enzymes that contain a coupled binuclear active site. Ty is the key enzyme involved in melanins (protective pigments) biosynthesis. It c

Recent progress in studding the role of myosins in membrane traffic has provided new insight on the link between these motors and other protein machineries involved in trafficking as well as their involvement in the morphology of the organelles The challenge now is to understand the molecular mechan

The MINIATOM project goals is to implement a collaboration between the basic research laboratories leaders in this field (SYRTE, IOGS), and industries specialized in the integration of optical sensors (essentially gyros) (THALES, IXSEA) and integrated optics (KLOE). This collaboration will develop

This project aims at studying the mechanisms leading to crack initiation for ductile single-phase metallic materials when they are subjected to stress magnitudes lower than the conventional fatigue limit. In these loading conditions, the number of cycles to failure is higher than 10^9 and belongs to

Bacteria have the properties to inhabit numerous ecological niches and should experience rapidly varying life conditions. This is particularly true for pathogenic bacteria which have to survive in various environmental conditions imposed by the host. Therefore basic research is required to decipher

Micro and nano scale particles system are the subject of intensive academic, applied and industrial researches. Due to their high chemical reactivity linked with their high Surface Specific Area and their ability to be easily transported by fluid systems, they are already at the origin of valuable a

The main goal of this project is the understanding of ozone formation and decomposition with a particular insight into their isotope dependence. The formation of ozone proceeds mainly through the O2+O -> O3* chemical recombination reaction. The ozone metastable sates, O3*, can be stabilized into bo

Changes in the epigenomic state and nuclear organization of eukaryotic cells are important driving forces for proper regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental signals. To gain further insight into how these - usually heritable, yet reversible - modifications influe

Light is essential for plants through photosynthetic carbon assimilation. However, when solar energy is absorbed in excess to what can be utilized by the photosynthetic processes (e.g. under abiotic stress conditions), reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen (1O2), are produced in th

Molecules with identical nuclei can exist in different spin modification (or 'nuclear spin isomer'). The best known example is molecular hydrogen H2 (H atom having a spin ½) that exists as ortho and para isomers, depending whether the spins of the protons are parallel (total nuclear spin I=1) or ant

The aim of this project is to carry out theoretical and experimental studies into the generation of optical pulses containing only one cycle of the electromagnetic carrier field and their propagation in highly nonlinear optical fiber waveguides. In particular, single cycle pulses will be generated b

This program unites researchers from different institutions with fundamental expertise in diverse areas of biology (evolution, fungal biology, genetics, genomics, bio-informatics, and phylogenetics) to address questions of major importance. Why do mating types evolve, are maintained, and in which nu

Brain trauma and subarachnoid hemorrhage are a major cause of long-term handicap in young adults. A large proportion of brain lesions develop over the first few days following the accident, while the patient remains in neurosurgical intensive care unit. These neurological complications are difficult

The purpose of the project called CONFIAN (SuperCONtinuum using highly Non linear infrAred FIbers) is to study and realize a compact broadband optical source emitting in the infrared between 1.5 µm and 5 µm, thanks to highly non linear non silica fibres. This spectral window includes the atmospheric

It is well-known that the brain can be modified, or is plastic, through lifetime, even in adults. Brain and body injuries can result in life-changing, even devastating physical disability. Previous clinical and basic research studies have shown that the brain can undergo many self-organization proce

This project aims to create new methods to extract the best possible information from jets in events at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva, both in proton-proton (pp) and heavy-ion (PbPb) collisions. It is motivated by the unprecedented complexity of the LHC environment: in pp collision

The goal of our project is to bring together French (or even European) mathematicians working in areas related to von Neumann algebras, measurable group theory, topology and dynamics in order to enhance fructify by cross-pollinisation further progress in these subjects which have known dramatic deve

The objective of this project is to transform the XTOR code of the CPhT (Ecole Polytechnique) dedicated for the tri-dimensional study of fusion plasmas into a tool able to describe these plasmas beyond MHD, taking into account effects which are either of multi-fluid type, or of kinetic type resultin

Plasma discharges at atmospheric pressure are rapidly gaining popularity for their ability to produce active species in well-controlled environments and at very low energy cost. Their potential is now well established for a wide array of applications currently studied in the partner laboratories of

The typical spatial scale for magnetization measurements in paleomagnetism laboratories is 1-10 cm3. This size is indeed perfectly adapted to most "standard" paleomagnetic applications. On the other side, scanning techniques such as Magnetic Force Magnetometry provide very high-resolution magnetic i

This project addresses one of the major open problems in theoretical physics: to give a theoretical description of the gravitational field in the regimes where its quantum properties cannot be disregarded. The problem is addressed within the framework on one of the main tentative quantum gravity the

The control of ice crystallisation is of capital importance for industrial processes where the crystals' size determines entirely the viability of the product, namely: - freeze drying of pharmaceutical products, - freezing of food and biological products, - 'cold' storage and cooling by means of ice

The aim of this project is to investigate interactions between tropical geometry and cluster theory, to develop their techniques, and to apply the acquired tools to study fundamental topics belonging to these intertwined domains. Among these topics, one can mention : tropicalization of Gromov

Brain morphometry has been an emerging field in the past few years, since the variety of brain data that can be acquired in vivo (in particular with magnetic resonance imaging) has expanded and the computer-assisted techniques necessary to analyze those data have greatly improved. It is now acknowle

Overhauser enhanced MRI : a new MRI technique During the last three decades MRI revealed to be one of the most powerful imaging and NON-INVASIVE techniques to investigate biological processes, physiological events, and anatomy in the human being. With this tool, tremendous progresses have been repo

The atmospheric physicists community suffers a lack of fast, reliable, space resolved measurements for a wide set of molecules playing a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry despite their very low concentrations. Many oxidants act on the atmosphere composition, giving rise to a local chemistry and

The prion protein gene family is composed of three members ; the PrP protein, which has a strong implication in prion diseases, the Doppel protein which is involved in the mouse sperm maturation and the recently identified Shadoo protein whose biological function is yet mostly unknown, as it is also

The direct metal laser deposition (DMLD) is a recent process with a real industrial potential that allows manufacturing small series or prototypes of complex shapes from the interaction between a projected powder stream and a laser. Limitations of the process come from : (1) the manufacturing time,

Embryogenesis in chordates leads to the generation of a tadpole-like organisation, which is characterised by a central notochord and a dorsal hollow neural tube. The tadpole-like body plan is the defining feature of this group of animals which consists of the marine invertebrates, including cephaloc

The first objective of this proposal is to characterize a new family of GST related to aryl-etherases (GTEs). From literature data and previous expression data performed in the UMR1136 unit, it appears that GTE family is particularly extended in ligninolytic fungi, suggesting a function of these enz

Boolean logical frameworks are ubiquitous in Computer Science. For computers, information is binary; the circuits (microprocessors, digital signal processors known as DSP, ...) that process it are entirely based on boolean logic; the algorithms and programs that transmit it, emph{encrypt} it, correc

The general principles underlying the processing of high strength, and ductile, metallic materials have been quite well understood since the beginning of the development of dislocation theory. If ductility requires a significant mobility of dislocations, strengthening is related to the building of o

RUPXCUBE project aims at developing innovative link between experimental and computational mechanics dedicated to the identification of three-dimensional crack growth laws. The dramatic human and environmental risks resulting from possible failure due, for instance, to rupture in aeronautic or nucle

Our project aims at developping mathematically rigorous approaches to neuroscience considering single neurons as well as interconnected neuronal populations. Our target is to conduct the mathematical analysis of existing models where there is still much work to be done and to enrich the modelling by

This project aims at providing the study of the Jacobians of small genus curves over finite fields with a rich algorithmic toolbox, in order to promote the use of these curves for cryptography. In particular, the improvements sought will be organized around efficient arithmetic and efficient point c

The goal of this project is to develop a thorough understanding of the plasma kinetics and plasma-surface interactions in inductive discharges based on CMOS compatible chemistries (i.e. on gas chemistries deployed in the CMOS industry, as Cl2-HBr-O2 containing chemistries), that will form the fundam

The aim of this project is to investigate pressure-induced amorphisation (PIA) in negative thermal expansion materials (NTE). Negative thermal expansion materials are of great interest from both a fundamental and technological point of view. Negative thermal expansion has been linked to thermally ex

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease leading to severe disability. It is the commonest autoimmune disorder and the most frequent of all chronic inflammatory joint diseases, affecting 0.5-1% of the world population. Aggressive treatment in the early phases of the dis

A major goal of malaria research is to find drugs with novel targets and a novel mechanism of action. In parallel, more research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of drug resistance, since new drugs should not only be effective, but should also evade mechanisms that contribute to parasite resistance

Plants are able to develop symbiotic associations with many microorganisms. Among the most economically and ecologically important ones are the interactions of legume plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. This symbiosis leads to the formation of new organs, the root nodules, inside

Nitrogen is the mineral nutrient required in the highest amount by plants and is most frequently limiting for growth and yield, leading to massive use of N fertilizer in agriculture. Only part of the applied fertilizers is actually taken up by plants in agro-systems, which results in pollution probl

Conservation of genetic variability in domestic animal is a challenge for the sustainable production of human food resources, for land management and more widely for the preservation and maintenance of biodiversity. This challenge is very important in poultry production that has experienced massive

Anthropogenic impacts are deeply modifying ? sometimes irreversibly - environments and geochemical fluxes. Estuarine and coastal ecosystems, which are among the most productive systems on Earth, are under increasing pressure due to drastic changes in land use of watersheds, acceleration of coastal u

What explains variation in species richness'from the taxonomic, phylogenetic, or ecological points of view'among geographical regions' Is variation associated with local (adaptive or neutral) processes, or are regional processes determinant, especially through long-distance immigration or through se

Agaricus blazei Murrill, known as Himematsutake in Japan, is an edible mushroom distributed across America. The pharmacological effects of A. blazei, such as antitumor and antihypertensive effects and its potential in prevention of carcinogenesis processes are of particular interest. The development

This project is part of a large effort all over the world to understand and eventually control spin phenomena in semiconductors. A large number of new spintronics devices including spin-transistors, spin-LEDs and spin-lasers have thus been proposed in recent years. Adding the spin degree of freedom

The enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the negative electrode material can have a strong influence on the energy density delivered by a Li-ion battery. The active material currently used is graphite, delivering a specific capacity of 372 mAh/g. Recent studies proved that, under partic

Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) is a plant pathogen bacterium that causes leaf scald disease of sugarcane. Xa produces a potent inhibitor of DNA gyrase called albicidin which inhibits proplastic DNA replication and consequently blocks chloroplast differentiation, resulting in disease symptoms. Albicidi

In this joint ANR/NSERC project, we propose to investigate the design of hybrid composite steel sheets with a graded structure from surface to center. This graded structure will be achieved through the use physical vapour deposition (PVD) combined with controlled thermal treatment. The goal of this

Since the creation of the integrated circuit, more than 4 decades ago, a tenfold increase in computing performance is achieved every 5 years. The most significant impact of this trend is the continuing decrease of cost-per-chip which has led to significant improvement in economic productivity and ov

In an increasingly connected and globalized world, the notion of security is an imperative, therefore making cryptography a very important research field. In the past two decades, it has been suggested and successfully demonstrated that cryptographic systems that rely on the fundamental laws of quan

The CEA-LETI (Grenoble, France), the Center for Integrated RF Engineering (UW-CIRFE) at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo, Canada), COM DEV international (Cambridge, Canada) and IMEP institute are glad to submit a French-Canadian joint research proposal, in response to the first ANR-NSERC Interna

In recent years, the number of wireless communication standards has been drastically increased to cover different needs. Internet has became available everywhere through WiFi (IEEE 802.11) capabilities, cables have been replaced by using the low-power wireless standard Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) and,

The aim of this project is to develop theoretical frameworks for handling formula schemata and proof schemata in interactive (or automated) theorem proving, and use these schemata calculi to help in the formalisation and analysis of mathematical proofs (via proof-theoretical transformation technique

The double-wall containment buildings of Pressurized Water Reactor of Nuclear Power Plant consist of a 0,65 m thickness external wall of reinforced concrete and an internal wall with 0,90-1,2 m out of biaxial prestressed concrete. The tightness of the building constitutes a safety requirement of fir

Social psychologists have been investigating naturalistic behavioral ‘entrainment’ processes in social interactions since the 1960’s and found that this motor coordination embodies functionally important dyadic psychological characteristics such as rapport. We take little notice of this coordination

Water is among the most important and most studied substances on earth, yet, the origins of its anomalous thermodynamic, dynamic, and structural properties have eluded complete understanding. Theoretical, computational, and experimental work suggests that clues to these origins lie in the metastable

Cardiovascular disease and stroke remain the number one killer in developed countries. Acute coronary syndromes, sudden cardiac death and stroke are caused by the rupture of a vulnerable atheroma plaque (VP). Post-mortem histological studies have shown that a VP (either coronary or carotid) is typic

In 1968, M. Artin's famous approximation theorem was published: Whenever an analytic system of equations has a formal solution, then this formal solution can be approximated by convergent solutions. Approximation happens in the sense of the Krull topology, that is, if $y(x)$ is a formal solution of

Graphene, a single layer of graphite, is a material that is currently receiving a lot of attention. The linear crossing of the valence and conduction bands at the Fermi level makes it a material that is conceptually interesting ("Dirac electron behaviour") and that is promising for construction of e

Metal coordination compounds have had a great impact in cancer chemotherapy especially since the discovery in the 60?s of the Cisplatin, a platinum complex which is still in wide clinical use for the treatment of different type of cancer despite a high toxicity with undesirable side effects. Althoug

The present project develops a fundamental and experimental approach of the chemical physics of discotic columnar liquid crystals (DCLC) when they are confined at the nanometer scale in porous highly ordered templates. It addresses ground-breaking generic systems that are directly relevant for short

It is the goal and vision of this joint project between groups in Bordeaux and Siegen to mount a high-density array of probes, which themselves constitute multianalyte sensoric units (called: lab-on-molecule), at the 6000 nanotips of a multi-fiber optical bundle, thus enabling n-dimensional (bio)che

This proposal of fundamental research in theoretical chemistry concerns the study of photochemical mechanisms in organic compounds. This proposal focuses on a particular class of photochemical reactions: cis-trans photoisomerisations following ? ? ?* excitation of polyenic bonds. Indeed, this type o

The objective of this project is to realize a breakthrough in the understanding of the reinforcement of filled elastomers in the linear and non-linear regimes of deformation, as a function of the strength and/or nature of the filler-matrix interactions. Specifically, we aim at understanding comprehe

It is generally admitted that 90% of the manufactured chemicals (including the medicinal products) result from catalytic reactions in at least one of the stages of their synthesis. In spite of (or because) of this universal use in industrial environment, there remains a very great place for the basi

The intestinal epithelium produces 10E10 cells daily, and this proliferating activity is restricted to a specialised compartment of the epithelium: the crypt. The second compartment of this epithelium is the villus, which contains terminally differentiated cells. This project aims at obtaining an in

The complex and dynamic network of interactions between cellular macromolecules plays an essential role in the regulation of important physiological behaviour in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The main aim of this project is to combine the expertise of three research groups, to further step into d

Plant growth is a complex process that integrates internal and external signals in order to optimize the extent and timing of biomass increase. The ability to rapidly adjust to large fluctuations in the environmental conditions is essential to these sessile organisms. If excessive, these fluctuation

Satellite observations provide an unprecedented global coverage of the surface properties of the ocean circulation. As now commonly reported, the resolution of gridded maps of sea surface height (SSH) produced from altimetry is not better than 200 km, which is the so-called "altimetry gap". The

Since K. Itô introduced the parallel translations along Brownian paths on Riemannian manifolds at ICM (Stockholm, 1962), interactions between Probability theory and Differential geometry have been become a fertile and wide field of research. In the present program, we plan to develop stochastic anal

The project aims at generating and characterizing heterojunctions between carbon nanotubes and non-carbon contacts. Chemical vapour deposition and related techniques will be used to produce composites consisting of carbon nanotubes and other materials. These composites, e.g. nanotubes filled with me

Since the first benzolactams derivatives and other drugs diverted from their initial applications, as they were found hits for another target, plenty of scaffolds have been described, as ascertained by a very rich literature. The specifications for the development of worthwhile scaffolds are rather

The growing complexity of real world applications in various domains (e.g. optimization of communication networks, transportation and location problems, therapy planning, elaboration of public policies, web search) has led researchers in Operations Research (OR) and Decision Aiding to formulate prob

The question of ease and of life satisfaction made the object of many researches, from which results are very expected as much in public health as in economy, for the evaluation of the quality of life, the understanding of the springs of action and the valuation of the political choices, without cou

Mental retardation (MR) is defined as substantial limitation in intellectual function and adaptive behavior appearing during childhood. MR is defined by an overall intelligence quotient lower than 70 and associated with deficit in social and communication skills. The prevalence of MR is estimated ar

Transplantation of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration therapy has been evaluated extensively in recent years. However, very few studies have shown significant improvement of bone mass and function in osteoporotic animals by systemic injection of MSCs ectopically expres

Neurological disorders have an increasing economical and societal impact in developed countries. For example, recent research studies evaluated that more than 200 million individuals are affected by sleep disturbances. A better understanding of brain microcircuits function and the development of inn

Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to man and it remains today as a major health problem, with one-third of the world’s population being infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Global tuberculosis control is facing major challenges, primarily due to the emergence of multi-drug resistan

Amino sugars are fundamental building blocks in the construction of many biologically important molecules. The most abundant are glucosamine (GlcN), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and the sialic acids, which are widely distributed in nature and are found in materials as diverse as the peptidoglycan of

In the past few years, all of the major processor vendors adopted multi-core architectures as the main way to improve the processor performance. Within the context of Grid, cloud and other high performance computing infrastructures that traditionally used parallel and concurrent programming, the use

After having worked between 2004 and 2006 on various forms of stochastic dynamic programming techniques, OT is working since 2006 on Monte-Carlo Tree Search, a revolutionary tool for high-dimensional planning applied to the famous game of Go. OT has also worked on applications of MCTS to other field

Andre Raspaud launched in 2005 a fruitful cooperation with the Department of Applied Mathematics of the Sun Yat-Sen University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. This proposal takes its roots from this three years cooperation (including one PhD student in double doctoral degree scheme). The priority scienti'c th

Heart diseases remain one of the most serious health problems and the leading cause of death in most countries in the western world, including France and China, despite decades of intensive cardio-vascular research in basic and clinical sciences. However, almost nothing is known about the intrinsica

Algebraic systems are fundamental mathematical objects used in the formulation, modeling, and investigation of scientific, engineering, and industrial problems, of complex information, biological, and social systems, and of natural, financial, and economic phenomena. Computational studies of algebra

The BINAAHR (BINaural Active Audition for Humanoid Robots) project proposes a psychoacoustic approach to active audition, and its validation on a robotics humanoid platform. Algorithms, hardware and software solutions will be defined to the defintion of auditory functions integrating the robot motio

This project, entitled ' The Sorbonne Cold War Studies Project' (Programme de recherche de la Sorbonne sur la guerre froide), has two main objectives : first, to develop and promote a new interpretation of the history of the Cold War by granting Europe'long left in the background by Anglo-Saxon hist

Multifunctional caged molecules with functional levels that can be selectively activated upon exposure to light of different wavelengths will be developed. In order to achieve 3D resolution of the uncaging process, especial attention will be paid to chromophores with photosensitivity to and two-phot

Supramolecular self-assembly is a powerful tool in the control of nanometer structure formation for new materials functionalities. In macromolecular chemistry supramolecular organization has been studied intensively. On the other hand formation of macromolecular nanostructures from supramolecularly

This collaborative project between french and German aims at the identification and development of Transketolase (TK) variants that will tolerant specific structural modifications not (or only poorly) accessible to the wild-type enzyme. This will be achieved by a technique termed directed evolution,

Recently, we discovered that a universal protein annotated as 'O-syaloglycoprotein-endopeptidase' in all sequenced genomes, is in fact a DNA binding protein that exhibits an atypical apurinic endonuclease (AP-endo) activity (Hecker et al., NAR, 2007). We also obtained in vivo evidence suggesting tha

The project POSEIDON ' PrOtiStan EcologIcal bioDiversity in Tara-OceaNs - is an important component of Tara-Oceans, the 3 year circum-global scientific expedition of the schooner Tara, co-organized by the CNRS/UPMC/ParisMuseum, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), and Tara-Expeditions.

The objective of the present proposal is to apply for additional financial support in order to be able to carry out a coring cruise originally planned in May 2008 on the research vessel Marion Dufresne II (MD) chartered by the Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV). This cruise is a fundamental component

This project deals with a very active subject of research: the description of quantum out of equilibrium dynamics. We plan to study questions of fundamental interest as well as problems of practical importance with numerical and analytic methods. Some of the problems we shall address are: 1) Instan

In the context of proofs of safety properties for critical software, The CPP project proposes to study the joint use of probabilistic and formal (deterministic) methods, in a way to improve the applicability and precision of static analysis methods on numerical programs. Partners will first construc

The aim of the present project is to study how humans process spatial information to construct and use mental models of relevant to itineraries in large-scale way-finding situations. It will advance our knowledge of human spatial cognition in three ways. First, it brings together researchers from di

The research works on architectural ornamentation in the provinces of the Roman Empire started in Italy, more than half a century ago, but recently in France. For lack of appropriate tools, the fragments of monuments have not been taken into considération. However, the recent results got Gallia Narb

The purpose of this project is to tackle some unsolved problems of the economic and monetary history and of the history of the techniques by coupling a method of analysis almost non destructive: laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry with lead isotope analysis. Our objective

Our exploratory research aims at illuminating actions and interactions under uncertainty and rapid changes. We propose an original methodology based on a longitudinal case study. We will study in real time a team project of alpinists who expect to cross the Cordillere Darwin, in Patagonia. The expe

The three teams involved in this project have complementary skills and methodological approaches. They already collaborate on different aspects which constitute the founding of the present project. Their common interest is to propose, in mice model, to extract the most significant behavioural patter

Today the communication science based approach to cultural industries is both sufficiently consistent and somewhat fragmented; the time has therefore come to undertake a critical and epistemological reflexion, which is all the more vital since a number of its most significant contributions date back

Our team aims to study the way in which the reception of the myth of Alexander the Great and its extraordinary dissemination from the twelfth century until the first half of the sixteenth century in Western and Eastern Europe inspired an extremely large number of new literary works which kept reinve

The goal is to develop a theory of civil courage based on empirical research. For this purpose, we integrate two lines of research: The empirical research on people's reaction to norm transgressions and the more theoretical and descriptive approaches to civil courage. More precisely, we will study t

Social choice theory is a branch of economics that already has a long history. More recently computer scientists have tackled similar problems with a more algorithmic approach. These algorithmic questions are important since most results in social choice theory are 'generic' in that they are indepen

This project deals with the mechanisms of failure in University.The main goal of the proposed project is to unterstand relations beetwen some inputs,as cognitive and social characteristic of students, and their results in term of fisrt year at university. The aim of this project is to identify major

Chinese rural areas have undergone a series of ruptures since the Chinese Communist Party came into power in 1949. Land reform first redistributed land and other goods to rural households. A collectivization process then quickly began in 1953 leading to the creation of People’s Communes in 1958. Two

1. Project background and scientific objectives: Apprenticeship training programs were initially designed to reduce the number of individuals leaving education without any qualification, whilst addressing the issue of workforce shortage in key economic sectors. Nowadays public agencies see apprentic

This project aims to demonstrate the relevance of the notion of bifurcation as a tool to study the trajectories of entry into adulthood. The bifurcations represent a significant and widely unpredictable change in the personal school and working path which transforms durably the individual course in

The project aims to carry an in-depth investigation on the algorithmic features of some deductive patterns in pre-modern mathematics. The project will be mainly focused on Greek mathematics, but perspectives will be opened on such mathematical cultures as Arabo-Latin, Babylonian. Chinese, Egyptian a

The project aims to experimentally determine a series of trace element equilibrium partition coefficients between mineral phases in mantle and metabasalt and silicate melts or aqueous fluids at the condition relevant to so-called mantle wedge and slab of subduction zones, with specific emphasis on a

At the time NASA and Gemini observatory both announced simultaneously the first direct images of extrasolar planets and planetary systems, the quest for exoplanets is clearly one of the major topics and also challenges for the astronomy of the next decade. In this framework the main problems are the

An important international scientific challenge for the next decade is to understand and clearly identify the response of biological and microbial systems interacting with their environment. To date, an increasing body of evidence suggests that a large amount of soil micro-organisms act directly or

Preliminary results of CHIVAS consortium highlighted the huge potential of Pecten maximus shells (bivalve mollusc) for high-resolution reconstruction of infra-seasonal variability of environmental conditions. Here, we propose to calibrate and use three proxies of primary production on continental ma

Fabrication of composite glasses (dielectric matrix containing metal nanoparticles), or meta-materials, with unique properties is one of the key issues in the field of optical devices, with applications in photonics and plasmonics. In particular, fabrication of regular arrays of morphologically shap

The breakthrough of quantum information turned the fundamental and conceptual property of entanglement into a resource for quantum communication protocols and quantum computational tasks. For instance, entanglement is now at the heart of successful point-to-point quantum cryptography links, but futu

This project entitled KaraMetria, from Kara (head, brain in ancient Greek) and Metria (measure), aims at developing new algorithms for the statistical analysis of anatomical shapes extracted from brain magnetic resonance images, such as cortical ribbons, white matter fiber bundles, or basal ganglia.

GIGA stands for Geometric Inference and Geometric Approximation. GIGA aims at designing mathematical models and algorithms for analyzing, representing and manipulating discretized versions of continuous sub-manifolds or compact subsets of, possibly high dimensional, Riemannian manifolds without losi

The core of this project is the joint processing of electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking (ET) signals, using the advanced methods of stochastic signal processing and blind source separation to better understand the concomitance between eye movements and neural activities. Synchronizing these

The project will explore the frontier of knowledge by addressing microscopic physical and chemical phenomena at dielectric/organic interfaces, which determine the electronic behavior of OFETs. Few examples are ' orders-of-magnitude effect of the gate dielectric on the carrier mobility ' uncontrolled

The concept of political law, which is the central point of this project, is based upon the idea that the understanding of Constitutional Law should be improved by studying its practice, its history, and its philosophical grounds. In other words, only the study of the culture which is inherent to Co

The first papers integrating (exogenous) frictions in continuous time financial markets are due, among others, to Leland and DeMarzo. Building on these seminal articles,and using new mathematical methods developed in particular by Cvitanic and Touzi, we aim at developing a theory of contracts in con

Methods of estimation of additional mortality due to cancer aim at estimating and modelling the excess mortality to which a studied group of patient's cancer is subjected and at estimating their relative survival (i.e. the survival corrected for all the other causes of death). In this context, the o

Very dense pollutant emissions over megacities (large urban agglomerations with more than about 7 millions of inhabitants) are strongly affecting air quality on an urban scale and chemical composition on a regional and even global scale. This ultimately affects both public health and regional to glo

We aim to develop new tools to evaluate the biological functions of a family of unusual nucleic acids structures called quadruplexes. These structures relie on the formation of guanine quartets and could be formed in guanine rich DNA or RNA regions. The biological relevance of these structures has b

Law has played an essential part through the French republican model. Did not the Revolution not emphasize, according to Michelet, the coming of the reign of law ' Because of the political stakes, but also for material reasons which were never pointed out, the revolutionary law, the one produced bet

The Descartes Corpus is a research project which aims at an on-line edition of the works and correspondence of Descartes. It is led by the team "Identité et subjectivité" from the University of Caen (Basse-Normandie), in scientific collaboration with the "Centro di studi su Descartes e il Seicento"

Nowadays, medical and technological breakthroughs allow the survival of infants born between 28 weeks and 33 weeks of gestational age (GA). However, many of the procedures that are a necessary part of postnatal care can be, by nature, painful and stressful. Consequently, medical staff are faced with

MEDIAGEO proposal ' Geographical knowledge dynamics and mediations ' deals with the modes of production and use of current geographical knowledge, taking into account changes associated particularly with information technologies (geopositioning systems'). Our approach is characterized by: - The cont

This project is motivated by the conviction that thinking the economy in the long run makes no sense without taking into account natural and environmental resources. More precisely, we believe that considering growth paths that would not be sustainable, is, in a way, useless. Of course, this idea ha

At the end of the fifth millennium (Cal. BC), an important change occurs in the evolution of the Neolithic societies from the north western Mediterranean. Profound socio-economic changes are reflected by two related phenomena : a more pronounced craft specialization and the development of long-dista

With reference to two main study sites, lake Mariut (Egypt) and Malta, PaleoMed's main goal is to characterise and quantify human-society relationships in the Mediterranean, at various spatial and temporal scales. The project will adopt a multidisciplinary research approach at the intersection betwe

MODELESPACE The project brings together researchers, historians, mathematicians, geomatics, from three UMR CNRS. The project comes from an observation made by historians and geographers on problems using a documentary very common, the "compoix" and "terrier", to study the dynamics of landscapes. The

The research is interdisciplinary, theoretical, applied, empirical and experimental, and concerns items from Social Choice Theory and Political Science (Coalition Formation, Elections), Game Theory (Cooperative Game Theory, Power and Influence Indices, Bargaining, Network Formation, Communication Ne

Pacific societies are engaged in processes of intense social change that afforded novel theoretical approaches. One theme became central: the politics of identity and tradition within the context of nation building. This type of complex situation is not limited to the Pacific, but research has often

The aim of this project is to study behaviorally and neurophysiologically, in human and animal, the processes involved in imitation behavior that is one essential step in language learning. This study will allow us to show: what are the preferred conditions for motor imitation, if interactions betwe

When humans carry out actions in response to some external stimulation, they acquire associations between the stimulus and the action it triggered. These stimulus-response associations are the basis for the automatic aspects of human performance: The tighter the link between stimulus and response, t

The last 20 years have witnessed the emergence of a new logical paradigm which looks at the underlying unity of reasoning and rational arguments. The meaning of the term "logical" has been stretched to go beyond the study of traditional abstract logical notions like proof, computation, and expressiv

Numerical tables were one of the most commonly used instruments of calculation from the earliest periods for which we have evidence of mathematical activity until the appearance of computing machines. By 'numerical tables', we mean a broad category of texts that establish correspondences between two

The development of reseach in translation studies throughout the 20th century , especially over the last 60 years, has brought worldwide awareness, particularly in Europe and in English-speaking countries, of the role of translation in history. This role is not not only confined to the spread of lit

What is the role of scientific uncertainty in policy making' The project will examine empirically the effect of scientific uncertainty on food safety risk management in the EU and the US. In an interdisciplinary effort involving social scientists, food safety experts and computer scientists, we prop

The aim of the project is to deepen the study of the relationship between science and philosophy in Gödel's work. The project will gather qualified experts coming from the different areas that Gödel has studied : logic, set theory, general relativity and cosmology, Leibniz, Kant and Husserl. The fir

The main target of this project is the establishment of a databank concerning French scientists and intellectuals in Russia and the realisation of a repertory of their publication in this country. The enquiry ends with the publication of archival documents associated with the synthesis of an interna

The aim of this project is the analysis of the aesthetic formalism in Central Europe during the 19 and 20 centuries. The heritage of J-F Herbart and B. Bolzano are in this case crucial but unknown. Tree problems are also considered : 1/ history of aesthetic, 2/ the rise of human sciences, and partic

Over the centuries which mark the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages, two major learned traditions took shape and attained considerable prestige in the Near East : the Syriac tradition (Christian Aramaic), which is still the culture of learning and liturgy for Christians from the

Current models of social cognition have set aside the role of explicit reasoning and deliberation, and have emphasized the role of intuitions (Haidt). Yet, they disagree on the nature of what these intuitions are. According to cognitively oriented models, social cognition rests on abilities to compu

In a general context in which many African languages are still poorly documented and strongly endangered, the general goal of this project is to update and complement the documentation of the languages of Senegal (and thereby of the Niger-Congo family) in order to bring a substantial contribution to

The objective of the present project is to analyze the channels of rent-seeking and its impact on economic development by combining original theoretical work, using the tools from industrial organization and contract theory, and systematic micro-level empirical evidence (the first of this type and s

An increasing number studies suggest that music induces plastic changes in brain and facilitate a wide range of cognitive functions. Striking findings were recently reported (Brain February 2008), demonstrating that music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery st

Our goal is to account for practices of disruption, of resistance, of tension or of filtering in relation to the perverse effects of permanent connection, to the pressure of « real time» and to the potential security slips produced by the ICTs, both in certain professional categories and in the ever

Farm animal welfare is one of the present societal concerns throughout the livestock production chain. Farm animal welfare concern results from the acceptance that animals are sentient beings, which means that they are capable to experience emotions and longer emotional states. In laboratory animals

Most solid materials in everyday life are crystals, whose constituents (atoms, molecules') are regularly positioned in space, as, e.g., in metals or ceramics. Over the past century, scientists have reached a good understanding of the electric, thermal, and mechanical properties of a defect-free crys

Chemical synthesis has shown its ability to elaborate magnetic nano-objects with high-quality magnetic properties, either under the form of molecules, or of nanoparticles (NPs) with well-controlled properties. These objects already play a major role in several actual technology fields (MRI,magnetic

This project aims in molecular electronics development in order to achieve new electronic components from a single molecule or a small number of molecules. The molecules nanometric size would allow to deeply increase the present electronic devices miniaturization or the sensors performances. This

This project focuses on the study of magnetic anisotropy in Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs). A crucial stake for the scientific community of this domain consists in controlling and tunning the anisotropy for both technological devices (information storage and quantum information) and fundamental purp

Stereoselective reactions catalyzed by heterogeneous systems constitute a smart approach for the synthesis of optically enriched compounds, achieving major goals such as selectivity, catalyst‘s recycling and green processes. In that context, one of the main advantages of metallic nanoparticles (NPs)

Since the last decade, it is well established that free radicals play a critical role in normal cell function, in cell signaling, in host defense phenomenon and in various important diseases. Even if their role is well understood in some events, the evidence for radical formation is less certain in

Our project finds its basics in the MAD-BLOCK project previously submitted as an "ANR blanche" proposal in 2008. Here, the main comments concerning the strong fundamental versus applied weight of the proposed sciences have been re-balanced by introducing an additional panel dedicated to spintronic/s

Alkali-Transition metal Oxides and polyanionic compounds exhibit complex and unique properties such as redox activity associated to alkali diffusion for Li battery materials and peculiar electronic properties for thermo-electricity generation, two domains for which the demand for improved comprehens

Lasso peptides are a class of peptides produced by bacteria that share a very original structure with a high stability, which display different biological activities as antimicrobial peptides, receptor antagonists or enzyme inhibitors. We have recently achieved the first in vitro reconstitution of a

Oil dependence is a main concern leading to global conflicts and associated to major environmental issues. In the last decade, in parallel to the continuous interest in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, exciting prospects have aroused for the use of dihydrogen as "the fuel of the future". The probl

Concerted research of 4 research groups involving chemical synthesis, laser spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and theory will be aimed at demonstrating the suitability of new heteroleptic copper(I) complexes for solar energy conversion schemes. While the area of photochemistry is dominated by rutheniu

The aim of the GHOST project is to study the supramolecular recognition of dissolved gases in aqueous media by cage-molecules. Two families of molecular receptors, the cryptophanes and the cucurbiturils, possessing a hydrophobic cavity able to encapsulate small apolar molecules, have been chosen for

This projects aims at developing a new type of magnetic imaging by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance working at 9GHz , which will give spatial distribution of nuclear spins via the electron-nucleus hyperfine interaction. This novel technique will allow us to to measure the spatial distribution of of n

Creating an environmentally friendly Chemistry is a necessity from the point of view of sustainable development. In the last decade, many research efforts have been done to meet this important challenge. Indeed, Chemistry involves a colossal industrial activity and therefore any innovations in this

The present research project will be dedicated to the crystallization phenomena and the orientation of the obtained morphology in semi-crystalline polymer based nanocomposites with nanofillers exhibiting high aspect ratios. The core work will concern the relationships between the different ways of d

This project aims at developing a novel and straightforward access to optically active polymers, following an organocatalyzed step-growth asymmetric polymerization of bifunctional prochiral monomers. We envisage developing three distinct step-growth polymerization reactions, including i) asymmetric

Surface Plasmon Resonance is currently a leading technology for label-free studies of biomolecular binding/recognition events. However, despite the undisputed success of this technology over last 10 years, classical SPR biosensor instruments still have insufficient sensitivity and a weak adaptabilit

The obtention of optically pure compounds for the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals is one of the most active fields in organic synthesis. For example, the worldwide sales of chiral drugs is estimated to reach more than 200 billion Euros by 2008. Organometallic complex

In the last ten years, considerable research efforts has been devoted to the synthesis of nanometer scale magnetic systems with the ultimate goal to reduce the size of the magnetic units that store information. Different approaches have been used to obtain single-domain magnetic particles, but the b

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers are composed of a solvophilic and a solvophobic block that are connected by a covalent bond. Often these systems are regarded as surfactants and the concepts developed for the latter have been applied to diblock copolymers, e.g. interfacial dynamics, surface tension an

Indoor air pollution has recently become a major concern and new regulations have been published in western countries to drastically reduce the amount of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and odors present in confined environments. The technological issue is to remove diluted pollutant at a low ener

Femtosecond direct writing opens an unprecedented gateway to shape in 3D the linear and non-linear optical properties of glassy media and with functionalities unattainable with other processes. Exposing silica-based glasses to laser light induces numerous phenomena through multi-photon absorption (v

Despite the factors, that at a first glance might make a language appear less important, and thus unnecessary as target for human language technologies (HLT), good reasons exist for developing speech recognition systems for literally all languages in the world. First, the diversity of languages in t

PERSEE "PERceptual Scheme for 2D&3D vidE(E)o Coding" Context and positionning: Our digital age has seen a large deployment of video coding standards. The latest standard H.264/AVC follows a classical coding model, on the other hand a new impulse to research is brought by the emergence of new formats

A great deal of control-command systems are parallel programs (sometimes based on the synchronous paradigm, but not always), or distributed applications (due in particular to specifics of fault-tolerance programming). In general, formal methods, or static analysis has been used in this context to va

The objectives of this project consist in the design, the fabrication and the characterization of innovative integrated polymer micro-optics elements onto the surface of VCSELs devices (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers). VCSELs (Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers) constitute now strategi

Liquid systems are an outstanding example of systems containing great relevance in both basic science and industrial applications since the molten state is an essential stage in various industrial processes (glass making, semi-conductors technologies, aerospace companies, nuclear industry, etc.). Al

The French Italian project VIRGO is a giant Michelson interferometer which is being developed, and aims at the observation of gravitational waves predicted by the theory of general relativity. In the future generation of VIRGO, namely Advanced VIRGO, the detector sensitivity is expected to be limite

The study of the so-called Warm Dense Matter (WDM) is an emerging and challenging field that is at the crossroads of condensed matter and plasma physics. Here the density goes from one percent of the solid density up to 10 times its value; the temperature varies from 0.1 to 100 eV. In this regime, m

An increasing number of situations in our everyday life rely on the mechanical response of interfaces. The characterization of the mechanical response of interfacial layers having eventually gradients of mechanical properties, and the understanding of the correlations between the molecular structure

The aim of the project is to study, within common theoretical frameworks, different phenomena Beyond the Standard Model of particle physics: Leptonic Flavour Violation (induced by neutrino mass matrices), CP Violation, and New Physics at colliders and precision experiments. Common theoretical framew

Radioactive beams have become an essential tool in low-energy experimental nuclear physics. However, by the very nature of secondary beams, their intensity is limited, particularly for beams of the highest interest - farthest away from stability. Active targets, which can be described as time projec

A cornerstone of modern polymer physics is Flory's famous `ideality hypothesis' which states that a chain in a melt behaves as if all intrachain excluded volume interactions were absent. However, recent theoretical and computational results for models of long and flexible polymer chains indicate tha

Magnetization phenomena occurring on nanometer length scale and sub-nanosecond time scale are one of the forefront research areas in solid state physics. Scientifically, these phenomena are challenging due to the often complex interplay of interactions spanning a wide range of strength and length sc

This project focuses on coupling local stress/displacement measurements to global forces measurements in a sliding contact between an elastomer and a rigid surface. It will address issues of friction phenomena which have been overlooked either theoretically with the statistical/spectral models, or e

Our project is to develop and exploit the capabilities of on-chip noise detectors to investigate electronic transport in mesoscopic conductors. On-chip detectors allow a well-controlled and optimal coupling to noise sources, giving access to high-frequency noise and to high moments of noise (at leas

The project aims at investigating the fundamentals that are needed to design miniature phononic crystal transducers, in view of immersed applications in the ultrasonic frequency range (from 500 kHz to 100 MHz). The objective is to pave the way for novel small, versatile and flat transducers and rece

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) have already demonstrated their excellent ability as compact sources for molecular spectroscopic measurements. For these applications, the mid-IR wavelengths (' > 2.6 µm) represent a major field of investigations since they allow the detection of mole

This pluri-disciplinary project aims at developing and validating a very innovative technology based on wearable camera. It will help defining new methodologies for the diagnosis of dementia. A new complete system will be developed that includes wearable recording and indexing tools of audio/video s

Computational models are inherently linked to the concept of complex systems: in many complex systems the computational aspects play a crucial role in terms of predictability/unpredictability and also in the analysis of chaos appearance. Conversely, complex behaviours are observed in computational m

Fore more than 20 years, Silicon Large Area Electronics (LAE) on glass has developed an important background. Development was mainly pushed by its application in flat panel displays. Flat panel market covers now nearly all the display needs so that LAE takes an important part of the market of electr

Project CHAPERSOA is devoted to the design of high-performance control laws for Adaptive Optics (AO) systems intended to equip existing large telescopes, such as the VLT (Very Large Telescope), or extremely large telescopes on the drawing board. These AO systems of the next generation are strongly m

Project ASH proposes a new approach for combining several Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. This approach consists in making ASR systems exchange information during the decoding process, on the fly, whereas the classical approach in this field consists in only combining final outputs of AS

We aim to do substantial progress in the problem of in silico modelling the three-dimensional structure of RNA molecules, given their sequence. This pluridisciplinary project comprises three main parts: development and evaluation (theoretical and operational) of new graph algorithms for solving some

In the classical complexity theory, a problem is considered to be non-tractable if it cannot be solved in polynomial time. But lots of real world problems are naturally modelled by graph optimisation problems which are NP-hard that is for which no polynomial time algorithm exists (unless P=NP). Henc

Open source infrastructure software, such as the Linux operating system, Web browsers and n-tier servers, has become a well-recognized solution for implementing critical functions of modern life. Companies and local governments are finding that the use of open source software reduces costs and allow

The aim of this project is to bring together experts in string cosmology and in relativistic cosmology to work together on key issues on early universe cosmology. We wish to consider three types of approaches where insights from both string theory and cosmology are necessary: 1. Construction of inf

Aldosterone (aldo), a mineralocorticoid hormone, is the main regulator of sodium balance and blood volume; Aldo binds to a ligand-activated transcription factor, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which trigger the transcription of target genes. The intervention of still unknown tissue-specific co

Due to technological integration, electronic devices are sensitive to natural radiations in atmosphere. This radiative constraint is a real concern for components manufacturers. IBM has devoted a special issue (may 2008) of its Journal of Research to this topic. It is explained that atmospheric radi

During the last few years Electric Pulse Induced Resistive Switching (EPIRS) phenomena have rapidly emerged into an exciting frontier in the active area of strongly correlated systems, due to possible technological applications in next generation electronic devices. The project participants have rec

We propose here to investigate new mechanisms whereby key cellular pathways including cellular polarization, hypoxia and energetic status regulate NCC proliferation, migration and pluripotency. Questioning the role of these processes has never been undertaken during the ontogeny of NC-derived struct

The general context of this project is to develop a strong interface between chemistry and neuroscience via the design and exploitation of new chemical tools for the investigation of the dynamic macromolecular events underlying synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. The biological aim is to unra

The purpose of this proposal is to settle down the foundations of non-abelian Hodge theory. For this we propose to rework and update the previous works of C. Simpson and of its collaborators with the help of derived algebraic geometry (Toën-Vezzosi, Lurie). We will propose a notion of "derived non-a

Early diagnosis of chondral lesions needs development and validation of imaging tools permitting a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of articular cartilage. Nowadays, MRI appears as a promising tool, allowing a precise multiplanar exploration of hyaline cartilage. Recent improvement of acquisi

Understanding the principles that govern macromolecular assembly is a current challenge for biochemists, molecular biologists, and structural biologists. Assembly of bacterial virus (bacteriophages) particles is a highly suitable system to investigate the molecular mechanisms that support efficient