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Microtubules are key components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton involved in a multitude of essential cellular functions. In the past decades, thorough studies have elucidated the biophysical properties of microtubules, their interactions with multiple microtubule-associated proteins and molecular mot

Mitosis is the last step of the cell cycle during which errors in chromosome transmission are irreversible. Failure to properly transmit the genetic material produces daughter cells with an inappropriate genome content also called aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy can have deleterious consequences for the

To test whether CD4+ T cell are dispensable for the generation of anti donor MHC alloantibodies following a transplantation In contrast with WT controls, CD4+ T cell deficient recipients did not develop a detectable antibody response against their grafts nor their transplants. To test the effect

Qualitative as well as quantitative understanding of the physics of voice relies on the knowledge of the vibratory state of the vocal folds. Experimental set-ups have been designed to provide an insight on the phenomenon involved in the phonation in a controlled environment. Reproducibility and repe

Varying with habitat use requirements and species dispersal capacities, the impact of habitat fragmentation can be very different from one species to another. While many studies have investigated the effects of landscape modifications on species that are negatively impacted by habitat fragmentation,

Among the functions of human olfaction is interpersonal communication, which remains largely unknown to date. A source of fascination and of scientific debates (in particular concerning the existence of human pheromones), chemical communication in humans requires, to be understood, an interdisciplin

The primary objective of this research is to quantify how core-forming metals mixed with and separated from mantle-forming silicates and oxides in the early Earth. Like other terrestrial planets, the Earth’s basic radial structure of a dense iron-rich metallic core surrounded by a less dense silicat

Investigate the continuities of primate behaviors and their neuroanatomical correlates with several language properties (intentional and referential properties, lateralization, hand/mouth connexion, left hemispheric specialization). T1 : (1) the behavioral data base on hand preferences has been incr

Our goal is to build a General Circulation Model able to simulate the atmospheric circulation of gas giant planets (in particular Jupiter and Saturn). This work is motivated by the recent wealth of ground-based and space observations of various atmospheric phenomena (in particular using data from th

Climate change, and global warning, is now a crucial environmental issue for our planet. A good knowledge of the distribution of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere is of the first importance for reliable climate evolution predictions. This requires the quantification of the sources and sinks of

Warm Dense Matter (WDM), the regime lying between condensed matter and plasma physics, is of great interest in many contexts including planetary formation, planetary interiors, and inertial confinement fusion research. These states of matter are characterized by solid densities and temperatures up t

Earthquake occurs at the end of a so-called seismic cycle. During a long inter-seismic time, the stress loading increases along the plate boundaries, before mega-subduction earthquake eventually happen. Today, thanks to permanent GPS stations installed on subduction margins, we can measure the surfa

The project proposes to identify genes or functional alleles that could be used to improve resilience or adaptations of crops to face future climatic changes. The expected results of this project are: i) a comprehensive description of the evolutionary history of wild pearl millet; ii) a large scale

The main objective of this project is to characterize the neural mechanisms involved in multisensory perception. This ambitious project is at the crossing of sensory physiology, cognitive systems and sensorimotor interactions. The translational specificity of this project is designed to understand t

The nilpotent orbits are classical objects but there have been recent developments (Springer representations, representations of W-algebras) which emphasize even more their impact in representation theory and the necessity to study more deeply their geometric properties. The present project aims to

Atmospheric pollution entails a major sanitary, social and economic burden in industrialised and non-industrialised countries. This is in particular the case for urban atmospheric pollution, which is composed of gases (nitrogen dioxide, NO2, carbon monoxide, CO, ozone, O3, organic volatile compounds

Apicomplexan-caused diseases, especially malaria, represent a massive social and economic burden, against which there is no current vaccine. A limited series of drugs have been developed in the last half-century, but the parasites have developed resistance to all marketed molecules, including most r

Processing information the same way than what can do the brain is a very attractive challenge. Indeed, it can lead to practical applications as visual recognition, database classification but it is also the opportunity to address a more fundamental question in computing theory. OxRAM devices will be

Summary of the objectives. The main objectives of this project are to identify new causes and pathogenic mechanisms for intellectual disability associated with cerebellar malformations (IDCM). These objectives should allow us to reach some general goals including: • Identify new disease-causing g

The BITMAP (Bioavailability of Iron and other Trace MetAls in marine Particles) project is proposed by a French female early career researcher, who has gained her PhD in UK, followed by a postdoctoral stay in US. She is currently a postdoctoral researcher in UK. This novel project proposes to a

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) show defects in intestinal epithelial barrier function, thus allowing bacteria to colonize colonic lamina propria. Bacterial antigens are presented by dendritic cells and macrophages, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lamina propria, trigg

According to the laws of quantum mechanics, it is possible to entangle two particles such that even if one is taken away from the other, it is not possible to describe the state of each one independently of the other. This strange phenomenon, called quantum non-locality, is at the heart of the debat

This work will contribute to the wide research on multifunctional memories at the nanoscopic scale. The aim is to prepare photoswitchable chain magnets that combine photoswitchability with slow relaxation of the magnetization. To obtain photoswitchable single-chain magnets, single molecule magnets

Genetic polymorphisms considered as disease risk factor in modern populations, are frequently relics of ancestral populations adaptation to new environments encounter during human migrations. This understanding has open a new appealing way to study pathologies called “evolutionary medicine”, which t

The genome is constantly damaged by a variety of exogenous and endogenous agents. Among the various forms of DNA damage, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic and genotoxic for the cell (Wyman and Kanaar, 2006, Agarwal et al., 2006). Failure to repair such lesions leads to genomic inst

The regulation of various protein functions by Ubiquitin-like molecules modifications is of major interest in cell signalling. NEDD8 encodes the most closely related protein to ubiquitin and possesses its own set of enzymes that ensures a distinct conjugation pathway. Experiments in genetic model sy

Fatylation is involved in the immune response and proteasomal degradation. FAT10 conjugation shares enzymes also used in ubiquitination, suggesting a balance between the fatylation and ubiquitination in cells. Disruption of such a balance is likely to yield pathological conditions. This project aims

The initial goal is to create an artzyme capable of catalyzing a desired reaction by anchoring a metal complex into the A2A Adenosine Receptor (AR). After creating and evaluating the catalytic potential of receptor-­based artzymes the subsequent aim is to achieve multipotency by inciting the recept

The neocortex underlies higher cognitive functions in mammals and humans. Its computational abilities are essential for categorizing external objects into supramodal percepts. This natural categorization depends on multisensory integration, to become largely independent of the sensory modality chann

Mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical forces into biological signals, is perhaps the least understood mechanism of sensory transduction. In mammals, embryonic development, touch, pain, proprioception, hearing, adjustment of vascular tone and blood flow, flow sensing in kidney, gut motili

The dynamic remodeling of axonal connections in the adult brain is a prerequisite of behavioral adaptation to environmental changes. BDNF, the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain is a central player of this remodeling that conditions complex cognitive function and long-term memory. Address

Research on the model species Arabidopsis has interconnected regulatory networks based primarily on transcription factors that guide the patterning and growth of leaves. Genetic interactions between these genes have been identified, but the combinatorial code that mediates these interactions is stil

The aim of this project is to identify and characterize the organization, the eventual restructuring and the functions of the AC, in stationary phase, during the development of competence and sporulation in B. subtilis. The AC has been exclusively described during the bacterial exponential growth.

New analytical approaches will be developed and applied to diverse observations and model simulations to address one major issue facing climate science: “How do regional asymmetries in the Southern Ocean shape the tri-dimensional structure of the overturning circulation and how does this circulation

Parents can influence offspring phenotype and fitness through both genetic and non-genetic pathways. Parental effects can be considered as a bridge between the environment experienced by parental and offspring generations, in which environmental variation experienced by parents, mainly mothers, is t

This project deals with the study of smart porous materials that react to environmental conditions (e.g. humidity). These materials are widely present in nature and engineered systems. However, this is an area where little systematic research has been done. We thus aim at studying model systems in o

In this research project, we propose to study a problem of magnetohydrodynamics, i.e. the dynamics of electrically conducting fuids. More precisely, we aim to study a magnetohydrodynamic instability occurring in fows encountered in the use of annular linear induction electromagnetic pumps (ALIP). Th

Cheese is a nutrient-rich complex biochemical environment where bacteria and fungi compete for food. The competition between these microorganisms has helped humans in developing a huge variety of flavours that most of us enjoy at lunch or dinner. The origin of cheese fabrication lays in the domestic