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Exchange coupling of magnetic adsorbates on superconductors induces Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states. These decay rapidly on a three-dimensional superconductor. In contrast, a two-dimensional superconductor increases the decay length and, thus, enhances coupling of YSR states. The splitting and shift o

Maternal stress during pregnancy, which is also termed prenatal stress (PS), is associated with an increased risk of the offspring to develop mental health problems. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to this increased risk are not fully understood. Current data, however, suggest that PS modi

Metasurfaces composed of dielectric nanoresonators with subwavelength thickness allow for strong control over the properties of light in transmission and reflection. In the last years, this control has been extended to classical parametric processes like sum-frequency generation, with the engineerin

Advances in material physics and recent progress in experimental techniques has offered ac-cess to novel quantum states of matter together with an unprecedented precision and control in preparation and manipulation of these states. Some of the most exciting examples of these are strongly-correlated

The MATRIX project aims at improving the proton therapy for cancer treatment by developing new detectors which will increase the control on the irradiation dose and make treatments faster and more reliable. Proton irradiation is the most accurate therapy against cancer as it allows irradiating tumor

Under specific growth conditions, yeast cell populations undergo sustained and synchronous metabolic oscillations, which appear to be tightly coupled to cell growth and division. Our recent work revealed that redox signaling is implicated in the emergence of a collective metabolic oscillatory behavi

The focus of the MEGALO project is set by the transition between heterogeneous and homogeneous plastic deformation of metallic glasses. So far, this transition is poorly understood even though it has important bearings for basic research as well as glass application. In order to address the underlyi

Shear is a widespread phenomenon in nature and technology, and can significantly alter the structure, function and performance of biological and artificial systems. E.g. joint movement is accompanied by shear and friction forces which can lead to joint wear and osteoarthritis. Biological cells respo

Nowadays, we are faced with the issue that conventional drug delivery systems must be administered systematically in high doses and tend to cause severe side-effects because of the nonspecific uptake of drugs by healthy tissues/organs. In this work, an easily controllable aerosol-based approach is p

Some glassy polymers with high molecular weights exhibit a strain hardening (SH) regime at large deformation in plastic flow during which the stress increases. This regime, which is the focus of this project, is very important because without SH polymer glasses are fragile. Understanding deformation

Devices realized with ferroelectric hafnium oxide are silicon compatible, power-efficient, and can be cost-effectively integrated into advanced technology nodes for sensor, nonvolatile memory, logic, and neuromorphic applications. Currently, hafnium-zirconium mixed oxide (HfxZr1-xO2) offers the wide

In this project, we seek to elucidate the role of time in quantum control, using the important benchmark of molecular rotations as testbed. Quantum control refers to the ability to manipulate dynamical processes at the atomic or molecular scale using external electromagnetic fields. Typical control

FluPepDye aims to provide new selective Near Infra-Red fluorescent cyclopeptides for specifically detecting early biomarkers of distinct amyloid pathologies and to translate amyloid-binding fluorophores into useful research or clinical tools for aiding the early and reliable diagnosis of amyloid-rel

The goal of our project is to study skew metrics and their potential cryptographic applications. These metrics in some sense generalise the so-called rank metric which has important applications in the fields of algebraic coding theory, in cryptography, data storage and network coding. The common gr

The overall objective of the project HEGAL is to make progress on two related research programs and conjectures in arithmetic geometry, the mod p local Langlands correspondence and the generalized Serre modularity conjecture. The conjectured mod p local Langlands correspondence should relate the mod

One of the most fascinating phenomena in physics is the possibility that qualitatively new behavior (new states of matter) can emerge from large ensembles of simple entities, especially in the presence of competing interactions. Magnetism offers a particularly rich playground in this respect because

Neurodegenerative diseases, and particularly Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease, constitute a major issue for human health. Among the most promising therapeutic tracks, several academic teams and pharma companies are exploring drugs targeting an intracellular

Over geological time scales chemical weathering of silicate rocks is the largest sink of global atmospheric CO2. Weathering of volcanic islands has been suggested to constitute a substantial fraction of this drawdown as volcanic rocks are characterized by high concentrations of Ca and Mg that locks

An important conceptual evolution in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology is the demonstration that they can couple to and activate G proteins in absence of agonists. This constitutive activity has been established in native cells or tissues for several GPCRs and can represent up to 50% of

This collaborative project between the groups of García Mancheño (Germany) and Besset (France) aims at developing novel and modern approaches towards the synthesis of unprecedented fluorinated molecules. Fluorinated motifs are important in organic chemistry, namely in agrochemical and pharmaceutical

Protein kinase CK2, an acidophilic, pleiotropic and highly conserved member of the eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily, mainly exists as a heterotetrameric holoenzyme consisting of a central dimer of regulatory subunits (CK2ß) with two attached catalytic chains. In humans, two pa-ralogous isoforms

The present proposal aims at investigating microscopic mechanisms that govern the diffusion dynamics in Fe-Al-Si melts as well as the early stages of solidification of these systems in their undercooled state. The German-French consortium set up a joint experimental and theoretical study for unders

Time-to-market and continuous improvement are key success indicators to deliver the cloud-native and Internet of Things (IoT) systems, which includes the IoT part of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) as well. These systems are essential to the European Commission's vision on Industry 5.0, i.e., a sustai

Halide perovskites including hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have revolutionized the field of optoelectronics due to their promising device-related properties that include high absorption coefficients, high charge-carrier mobilities and low exciton binding energy values relevant for pho

Since 1992 and the first Earth summit, different countries have recognized that climate is strongly impacted by human activity and they planned to tackle it under an international convention. In this context that, under the United Nations aegis, COPs (Conference of parties) bringing together many co

Greenhouse gas reductions and fuel efficiency associated with energy generation and transportation have led to increased interest in the development of lightweight alloys in recent years. Following this trend, sustainable materials involving recycling have become of crucial importance. Magnesium all

RBMX is a gene located on chromosome (chr) X in mammals that encodes the RNA-binding RMBX/hnRNP-G protein, known to regulate alternative splicing as part of the spliceosome machinery. Pathogenic variants in RBMX are associated with a severe but clinically variable neurodevelopmental disorder chara

Inter-particle Coulombic electron capture (ICEC) is a recently discovered environment-enabled electron capture process by means of which a free electron can be efficiently attached to a system (i.e. ion, atom, molecule, or quantum dot). The excess electron attachment energy is simultaneously transfe

The study of molecular collisions at ultracold temperatures is of utmost importance for quantum chemistry, atomic and molecular physics, metrology as well as quantum simulation and quantum information. The aim of this collaborative project, with a total duration of 3 years, is to find new ways to co

Adoptive transfer of T and natural killer (NK) cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown remarkable clinical efficacy against advanced B cell malignancies. However, many patients do not benefit from this treatment either because they do not respond or subsequently relapse. It is t

Tightly focused ultrashort laser pulses allow confined micro-explosions in matter that lead to strongly non-equilibrium conditions with extreme pressures (> 10 TPa) and temperatures (> 10^5 K) i.e. well beyond those that can be achieved by other techniques. Recently, this has made possible breakthr

Interest in bubble-induced shear stress is motivated by a variety of technological, chemical, and biomedical applications where this effect is used. Often acoustic cavitation bubbles are involved, and ultrasonic cleaning, micromixing of liquids, intensification of chemical reactions, or heat-exchang

The Tau protein is a common pathophysiological player in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases and, overall, an important therapeutic target. Tau is mainly known as a cytosolic microtubule-associated protein that aggregates into filaments leading to neurodegeneration in pathological conditions refe

Sulfated biomolecules are widespread in nature and play important roles in biological functions. Among the enzymes responsible for sulfation, ArylSulfate SulfoTransferases (ASSTs) are interesting biocatalysts as they use simple aromatic sulfates such as para-nitrophenyl sulfate as donors in comparis

Quantum electrodynamics (QED), describing all the low energy physics around us, captures the interaction of matter (electrons) and the electromagnetic field (photons). In vacuum the coupling between electrons and photons is weak due to the smallness of the fine structure constant, yet cavity Quantum

Catalysis, energy storage and conversion are at present of paramount societal relevance. Unfortunately, electrochemical potentials are basically known since one century and cannot be significantly enhanced. Therefore, the possibility to increase storage capacity and current flux is only possible by

Increasing the amount of urban vegetation is encouraged as an adaptation strategy to countermeasure climate change mainly due to (1) its potential to sequester CO 2 from the atmosphere and to (2) enhance evaporative cooling and positively influence the water cycle in cities. The greening of building

The overarching goal of this research proposal is the discovery of the seminal structural and functional neural defects that initiate neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). By applying the most sensitive imaging methodologies currently available for in vivo studies in mouse models of ß-amylo

When a system is safety-critical, a certification activity must evaluate whether it is compliant with the appropriate standards in that domain. In the avionic and automotive domains, targeted by InterMCore, a key and open challenge is the safe and efficient use of heterogeneous high-performance mult

QuadCOMB aims at exploring novel concepts for microresonator-based frequency comb sources that combine second-order (‘quadratic’) and third-order (‘cubic’) optical nonlinearities in a chip- scale device. Over the previous years, so-called Kerr combs, generated in high-Q microresonators with cubic no

The primary objective of INPhO is the design, fabrication and validation of densely integrated nonlinear phononic circuits for parametric information processing at gigahertz frequencies equipped with an optomechanical interface. To this end, we take advantage of a unique experimental hybrid archi

In this project we will investigate the behaviour of frozen soils, both natural and artificially frozen, from the micro-scale at particle level to macro-scale in case studies. The project will use the latest MRI and µCT imaging technology to provide a comprehensive dataset of frozen soils under dif

It is now recognized that climate change is one of the most pressing problems for our societies for the upcoming decades. In this context, reliable climate projections are of enormous political and socio-economical relevance. However, such accurate predictions are currently hindered by a still limit

The goal of BIO ART is to develop new bio-epoxy resins from renewable resources without bisphenol A, which is toxic to humans and the environment. BIO ART’s originality comes from the synergy between green chemistry and emerging technologies (multiscale modeling and artificial neural network) and su

Most tissues are lined by an epithelial barrier that are monolayers as in intestine or multilayered as in the skin. To maintain homeostasis, both types of epithelia renew through a balance between cell division and extrusion. Whereas in simple epithelia cell extrusion results in removal of cells fro

Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) shuttle their genomes into bacterial cells as a key initial step for the infection of the hosts. Many bacteriophages use a tail for adsorption and DNA translocation to the host’s cytosol. Tailed phages combine core tail architectures with diversified infection modu

Tissues are composed of multiple cell types that must be kept in balance and arranged in stereotyped patterns for the emergence of physiological organ function. In development, homeostasis and regeneration, such precise choreography depends on self-organized mechanisms that integrate cell fate choic

Stem cells maintain tissues and repair tissue injuries. They remain quiescent when they are not needed, but they can be activated for regeneration upon demand. Thus, by responding to environmental cues, stem cells shuttle between quiescent and activated states. Dissecting the mechanisms that regulat

Recent results published independently by the consortium have revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs) are widely used for various applications related to big societal challenges, such as energy conversion or storage, environmental science, and medicine. Some of these reports demonstrate that hydrated

Various plant species have independently evolved permanent and obligate associations with bacteria in their leaves. Synthesis of specialized metabolites is a near-universal feature of these symbioses. Yet, little is known about the functional roles of these metabolites, or the spatial and temporal s

BLIC – Phytoplankton Blooms "like It Colorful" - the relative influence of biodiversity and biotic interactions on the early stages of phytoplankton bloom formation The global loss of biodiversity is also visible in aquatic ecosystems. How biodiversity affects ecosystem functions is mechanistical

Social hierarchies limit conflicts between the members of a group by regulating their access to resources; as a result, the social rank in the hierarchy affects nearly every aspect of an individual’s Darwinian fitness. Much research has investigated the causes and consequences of an individual’s soc

The goal of HoRoPo is to develop a new scientific paradigm for motion generation considering humanoid robots equipped with a skin. The aim is to manipulate large objects using torque-controlled and non-torque-controlled humanoid robots and comparing the limitations of the two approaches and to fuse

The electromagnetic field is one of the most important systems in physics. All the information we are receiving and all measurements we are doing rely on electrodynamics. Though the Maxwell equations provide an extremely successful description of all electromagnetic phenomena there are reasons to re

The oocyte is a cell of unique importance for all sexual reproducing animals, providing a haploid ge-nome, all the cellular constituents and the ground plan for embryonic development. Tight regulation of cytoplasmic, cytoskeletal and nuclear events during successive steps of oogenesis is thus essen-

Thin Film Metallic Glasses (TFMGs) are an emerging class of materials, with the potential to realize exceptional combinations of mechanical and electrical properties so far unachievable by conventional crystalline alloys. Specifically, TFMGs are characterized by the lack of long-range atomic periodi

Graphs are simple yet highly expressive data structures for modeling and analyzing relationships between real-world objects. As the structure and content of graphs is continuously changing, e.g. in social networks or transport and mobility networks, novel data models and analysis mechanisms are need

The Archaea are growingly gaining centre stage in the field of prokaryotic diversity and evolution. Yet, with respect to Bacteria, many fundamental cellular processes remain largely understudied. Most Archaea divide by binary fission using homologues of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ. Recent studies hav

Bipolar membranes dissociate water (H2O à H++OH-) at the interface between a proton and a hydroxide conductor under applied bias. This is being exploited industrially in electrodialysis to produce acid and base, and could be of great value for water and CO2 electrolyzers. Recently, some of us introd

Every year, millions of people are infected by many different respiratory viruses, which can either be benign or severe, lead to local outbreaks or have pandemic potential. In recent years, the development of techniques allowing for the simultaneous detection of multiple viruses has revealed the fre

The wide-spread connectivity of the claustrum with the cortex led to the suggestion that it is involved in higher-cognitive functions including consciousness. More recently tract tracing in mouse suggested a topographical organization of connections linking cortex and claustrum. These findings were

This project intends to design, fabricate and study advanced III-V semiconductor nanostructures-based devices for the generation of coherent optical frequency combs (OFCs) with controllable transverse patterns dynamics. Our approach consists in an optically-injected vertical-emission Kerr Gires-Tour

Infectious diseases remain a devastating public health burden worldwide. Life-threatening bacterial diseases can result from single-gene inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a group of IEI characterized by severe infections caused by weakly vir

Redox-based memristive devices are highly attractive candidates for future non-volatile memories and for artificial synapses in neuromorphic circuits. The memristive behavior is usually induced by the field-driven movement of oxygen ions leading to a local nanoscale redox reaction. In thin films of

Downy mildew (DM), caused by the Oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is a major grapevine disease. DM leads to an intensive use of fungicides in viticulture, which impacts environment and health. In order to reduce fungicide use, breeding programs in both Germany and France have introgressed resistance lo

Life-threatening influenza pneumonia is a major public health problem, by its number, and a longstanding scientific enigma, because most cases of influenza are benign. Clinical manifestations and outcome of Influenza A virus (IAV) infections may possibly be determined by both viral and host factors.

Conventional high field liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful method but experiments need to be performed in a specific environment (inside a highly homogeneous magnetic field), which prevents its use in many applications. Coupling magnetic resonance at zero- to ultralow field

Until recently, diabetes was primarily classified into two main forms, type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2D), a classification that does not adequately reflect the complexity and the heterogeneity of T2D. In 2018, Ahlqvist et al. analyzed characteristics of people with diabetes in a large Swedish cohort.

Cardiac inflammation, a common trait in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), contributes to the development of heart failure (HF). We recently demonstrated the potential of cardiac lymphatics as a novel therapeutic target to reduce cardiac inflammation. In this project, we will characterize the intercon

The co-location of organic matter (OM) and microbial decomposers is fundamental for the dynamics and the persistence of organic carbon in soils. Various studies have demonstrated that the spatial distribution of OM and its accessibility to microbial decomposers across different pore sizes have profo

In plants, patterning by cell division relies on division plane establishment, on the biogenesis of a membrane compartment called the cell plate, and on cell plate insertion at the division site. It is generally accepted that a landmark is laid down at the plasma membrane before prophase, and that t

With the advent of new-generation optical surveys, a major step forward can be taken on fundamental questions in particle physics and cosmology, none the least being the unknown values of the neutrino masses (Mnu) and the nature of dark matter (DM). The Lyman-alpha (Ly-a) forest is a measurement of

Materials science contributes to facing the challenges of our society and particularly the climate change by delivering highly optimized structural and functional materials. The relevant material classes range from structural materials like superalloys and light-weight steels for increased efficienc

Applications of nanoparticles are numerous, from scratch resistance coatings and electronic components to nano-medicine therapies. For instance, lipid nanoparticles are of special interest for encapsulating poorly water-soluble active ingredients and are now a key component of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

he heart is the most energy consuming organ of the body. Under physiological conditions, proper heart function results from the fine orchestration of ion fluxes, the contractile apparatus, and mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes. In heart failure (HF), these equilibria are critically disturbe

Bone regeneration is one of nature’s perfectly adapted processes to allow for a scar-free healing of a fractured bone. Yet, when this mechanism is pathologically impaired e.g. with a critical sized defect, or due to underlying diseases, research solutions are required. Scaffolds bridging the defect

The use of petroleum resources, which are not sustainable, is causing CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere, being thus a cause of the global warming. To avoid this outcome, mankind has to change its habits and focus as soon as possible on alternative sustainable resources. Lignocellulosic biomass is a

Southern Africa is pointed as one of the world’s climate change hotspots. Namibia is characterized by some of the most extreme climate regimes ranging from the cold Benguela Current to the hyper-arid coastal deserts of the Namib region. Here, fog and low-clouds are typical features, affecting the co

Sleep and emotional functions are tightly linked. Sleep benefits both emotional memory consolidation and emotional regulation. These two aspects of emotional processing are key to the survival of an individual, ensuring the retrieval of emotional memories and appropriate responses to threatening or

Global warming with increased frequencies of drought and temperature extremes affects agriculture. This process affects gene expression and alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) contributes to adjust the plant transcriptome to temperature changes and plays a role in thermoresilience. AS is exquisitely

Cryo-coolers are versatile systems for different scientific and industrial applications, ranging from sample preparation in biology and medicine to application of sensors in science and industry. For these objectives, pulsed tube coolers (PTC) have been experimentally investigated. However, due to t

Nitrate is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. In addition it has signaling functions triggering specific adaptations in metabolism and root development. In A. thaliana, the transporter NRT2.1 is known to have a central role for root nitrate uptake and it could also play a role in signaling

A long-standing hypothesis is that sensory systems are designed to efficiently transmit information. However, this hypothesis has been mostly tested in simplified abstract models, while biological systems are heterogeneous and non-linear. In this project, we will combine experiments, data analysis a

Antibody (Ab)-mediated autoimmune encephalitides (AE) constitute a group of inflammatory brain diseases that are characterized by prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms and are associated with Abs against neuronal cell-surface proteins, ion channels, or receptors. Although the diagnosis is straightforw

The proposed French-German joint project “Effective Approximation and Dynamics of Many-Body Quantum Systems” aims at various important open questions in mathematical physics and partial differential equations (PDE). More specifically, we address the mathematical relations between the PDE describing

Innate and cell intrinsic immune responses constitute a rapid defence system against incoming pathogens. While essential to survival, excessive activity of these responses is potentially detrimental to the host, with inborn genetic errors of these systems leading to disease. To prevent aberrant indu

Automated planning is commonly used for deciding a sequence of actions while anticipating their effects in view of optimizing one (or multiple) metric(s). It is often used for long- or short-term (sequential) decision making processes, for single- or multi-agent planning, and for performing causal-e

Topological magnetic structures like domain walls, vortices, and skyrmions are central in modern magnetism. They display several unique properties rendering them attractive for fundamental research and spintronic applications. In parallel to the scientific interest in topological structures, three-d

The interiors of the ice giants Uranus and Neptune consist of large amounts of the light elements hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen at extreme pressures of several million atmospheres and temperatures of several thousand kelvins. These environments presumably allow the formation of unfam

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) remain the first cause of death worldwide. The newly-identified phosphatase activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH-P) metabolizes lipid mediators linked to CMD. This projects aims to determine the physiological role of sEH-P and whether its inhibition represents a

Muscle injury is a severe clinical burden. Muscle regeneration involves a tight regulation between various cell types, including satellite cells, immune cells, fibroadipogenic progenitors, as well as complex signaling pathways. Muscle healing usually occurs under conditions of hypothalamus-pituitary