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Seeing is a product of a complex physical and physiological chain of events. While some isolated stages of the visual pathway are well understood, studying the direct link between the physical stimulus and perception remains one of the challenges in vision science. In humans, the activation of the r

In light of the research gaps identified in the previous section, UNIFIED pursues intensive research on a first empirical case of the emergence of a unified European institution, in real time: that of institutional convergence between geographically fragmented judicial practices toward a newly born

More than 100,000 documents found in Mesopotamia originate from the third millennium, the Early Bronze Age. Of the approximately 30,000 documents of the Old Babylonian period, the Middle Bronze Age, about half are archival documents. The project focuses on this enormous wealth of data provided by

Our project is dedicated to the study of the influence of Europeanization on women and migrants’ access to social rights and benefits in France and Germany. The specific articulation between forms of discriminations and compensation for inequalities is drastically affected by the European process in

Miletus is known as a typical example of a large ancient Greek city, especially for its urban plan: beyond the figure of Hippodamos, native of Miletus and emblematic figure of Greek urbanism intimately linked to the city-state, fieldwork has allowed during the 2000s to trace very precisely the artic

The general objective of the CoMOR-project is to reconstruct different configurations of the European trade fair system in the late Middle Ages and early-modern times, more specifically for the period between about 1320, when the Champagne fairs had lost their former importance, and around 1630, whe

The main aim of the joint French-German project is to gain knowledge about the development of auditory attention and its underlying neuronal mechanisms throughout childhood. The successful control of attention is based on a balance between two important aspects of attention: voluntary attention that

Concerns about inequality and questions of social justice and cohesion have re-entered the public arena and animate public debate, provoked by the well-documented recent rapid increases in cross-sectional income inequality. While much has been learnt from the recent literature on inequality,Deaton's

The European Union is in a phase of substantial spatial and social restructuring: its territory has increased through the accession of 14 Eastern and Southern European countries since 2004; it has given itself a new constitution in form of the Lisbon Treaty; it is trying to cope with a severe financ

Renewable natural resources are of vital importance for the future of human well-being. They are under constant threat of overuse, especially if (i) of common pool nature, and (ii) mobile, as resource users have strategic incentives to extract more than the socially efficient amount. Two prominent a

In the past decades, researchers in a variety of areas of work outside the biological sciences have begun to interpret the phenomena they study in evolutionary terms and to use evolutionary concepts and models to describe and explain them. But while finding evolutionary explanations of suitable non-

Linguistic research in the last decades has established substantial knowledge about complex grammatical phenomena at several layers of the grammar. A challenge for the current linguistic research is to understand the linking between these layers of linguistic structure. This project investigates two