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Gender, Aspirations, and the Labor Market Establishing gender equality has been one of the most important global objectives in recent times. A large part of the gender pay gap, for instance, can be attributed to differences in the choices made – such as occupational and educational. However, many

FaultProbe FaultProbe FaultProbe FaultProbe The recent August 2016 central Italy earthquake that caused 298 casualties reminds us that earthquakes are among the most dramatic natural disasters worldwide. Most of the damages due to earthquakes could be avoided by improving our ability to mitigate sei

Two-dimensional materials (2DM, e.g. graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides) are the building blocks of a vast family of layered crystals. 2DM possess complementary properties and compose a unique palette to explore frontier low-dimensional physics. Isolated or stacked in the form of van der

Heterogeneous catalysis of nanoparticles has recently emerged as highly promising way to speed up catalytic processes due to their far higher surface area compared to bulk materials. But they face significant challenges in achieving high catalytic activity and sufficient durability. A key problem ha

Today, no reduction method meets the criteria for a versatile and energy efficient reduction of renewable carbon sources and the aim of the RecyclingSiB project is to design novel reductants and catalytic reactions to achieve this important aim. At the crossroads of main group element chemistry, org

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of eukaryotic signal transduction networks that enable cells to respond appropriately to extracellular stimuli. The MAPK pathways display remarkably high levels of protein intrinsic disorder, however, current knowledge about signal transmissio

The origins and release mechanisms of stellar winds are long-lasting open challenges in astrophysics. Stellar winds play a fundamental role in the long-term evolution of stars and the habitability of their orbiting planets. In the solar case, the wind is observed in at least two states, fast and sl

The primary questions that drive the Mars exploration program focus on life. Have the Martian environments ever been favorable for life development? If so, when and where on Mars? What has been the evolution of Mars? The clues for answering these questions are locked in the geological record. The ma

The preservation of centromere function/integrity is a crucial challenge for cells in order to maintain a correct chromosome karyotype following cell division. Indeed, defects in centromere formation or function lead to numerical (aneuploidy) and structural chromosome alterations, the latter often p

Migrations are a central issue of the modern period, particularly since World War One. At the same time, the implementation of a systematic policy of categorization, discrimination, persecution, and extermination of European Jews is one of the major events of the first half of the 20th century. How

While nucleons (i.e. protons and neutrons) are with the electrons the most important building blocks of all the ordinary matter around us, their internal structure is still poorly known. High-energy scattering experiments allow one to access information about the spatial and momentum distributi