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Roses are widely used as garden ornamental plants, as cut flowers and potted flowers. Essential oil is produced for the perfume industries. One character that is being taken increasingly into account is flower scent, for which there is a clear demand from consumers worldwide. However, roses bred for

The search for natural products with novel herbicidal activities is of great importance for agriculture, since most existing herbicides are either banned or inefficient due to resistant weeds, and the flow of novel herbicides identified by classical chemical screening is dramatically reduced. Plant

In the context of climate change and strong water demand from agriculture, water deficit is now recognized as the abiotic stress that most affects crop productivity. Because of the variability in root growth capacity between plant genotypes and the high sensitivity of roots to environmental factors,

Iron (Fe) is an essential element for all living organisms. Plants and seeds in particular represent the main dietary source of micronutrients (iron and zinc) for humans. The consumption of grains with low quantities of micronutrients is considered as the main cause of mineral deficiencies in humans

Climate change represents an immediate threat for agriculture and food security worldwide. In this context, crop production must adapt. One strategy is developing new genetic resources able to face abiotic and biotic local conditions (Challenge 5, Research axis 1 of the ANR Program). This can be ach

The proposal "Viro-DUB" : "Viral deubiquitinases : new players in the control of plant virus infections" aims at the elucidation of novel molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying host/virus interactions in plants, thus opening new perspectives for plant protection against viruses. Using Turn

Legumes have a tremendous ecological and agronomic impact due to their ability to interact symbiotically with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, called rhizobia. A major advance in our understanding of this interaction was the discovery, in the early 1990s that it relies on the exchange of diffusible signa

Sulfur represents an essential element for plant growth and development. As a major sulfur donor molecule, cysteine is a key metabolite involved in the biosynthesis of many sulfur-containing biomolecules through complex processes that are yet poorly described in plants. Among the processes requiring

Cereals require high quantities of fertilizers which represent an unsustainable economic and environmental cost. The symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi which occurs in most plants including cereals, allows a better access to soil nutrients. Another symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacter

The tremendous role of microbiome in plant health and productivity is increasingly recognized, and has led to international initiatives to further explore and exploit the capabilities of Earth’s microbial ecosystems. One of the most significant environmental services that microbes play to plants is

Mastitis is a serious burden for the milk industry due to the altered quality of milk and increased cost for production. Beside hygienic measures, genetic selection for improved immunity against mammary infections and resistance to mastitis is considered, and implemented in breeding programs of seve

Plants, as sessile organisms, are highly impacted by environmental conditions. The soil is a highly heterogeneous environment for plant nutrition composed of a mosaic of local favorable versus stressful areas. Different stresses can be experienced locally by root systems, such as nutrient limitation

Potyvirus is one of the largest genera of plant viruses responsible for serious diseases in vegetable and fruit crops. To invade plants, those obligatory parasites have developed tactics to reroute host cellular functions for their own benefits. The completion of the viral cycle results from a compl

In 2013, we reported in the Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. the discovery of tramadol in the roots of the West African tree Nauclea latifolia. This stimulated both considerable excitement and controversy, because tramadol is a well-known synthetic morphanoid used widely as a painkiller. To our knowledge, this

Expansion of some harmful root parasitic weeds (Striga, orobanche, and Phelipanche species) in numerous economically important crops is becoming more than worrying and is a serious threat to food security in some area of Africa. If we consider the broomrape species Orobanche cumana, it causes import

MICROFEED will study a generally ignored partner of livestock, the gut microbiota, to refund the improvement of production efficiency and robustness in pig breeding. The gut microbiota is an essential contributor to the availability of nutrients in the animal gut, contributing to its growth, health

Infectious diseases in fish farming cost about 20% of the production value. In the context of ever expanding aquaculture industry, which already outgrows wild fish capture and is forecasted to double by 2050, disease prevention by vaccination has become crucial to reduce the aquaculture burden on t

GRaSP (Genetics of Rhizobia Selection by Pea) is a collaborative research project that proposes an original approach to improve the pea-Rhizobium beneficial interaction by mobilizing a multidisciplinary complementary expertise of four different academic French partners together with a private partne

C1 compounds are used by specialized groups of microorganisms i.e. the methylotrophs as their sole source of carbon and energy. While progress to use natural methylotrophs in biotechnology is on-going, ECOMUT propose to launch an alternative strategy by integrating methylotrophy into the established

In the context of human population increase, the development of microalgae culture offers lot of advantages. It does not compete with the use of agricultural land and presents high productivities (in mean, the biomass twice every day). Still, the exploitation of microalgae is very recent, just as th

Considering the forecasted world demographic growth and the global changes in climate, it is becoming a major challenge for human society to provide sufficient amounts of high nutritional and sensory quality food. The TomEpiSet project aims to uncover new means and strategies to overcome poor fruit

Plants are the backbone of life on earth as they bring us oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis and crops constitute the world major food resource stock for humans. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape from their environment and are continuously exposed to environmental stresses (light inten

Because of their wide range of applications in food and health industries, the interest for oligosaccharides is growing very rapidly. The challenge is to develop synthetic routes, easy to scale-up, based on the use of low-cost bio-resources, and able to cope with the diversity of desired oligosaccha

The control of egg quality is a major issue for the development of a sustainable aquaculture to cover the increasing demand for aquaculture food products. In most fish species, the egg ability to be fertilized and subsequently support early embryo development exhibits a rapid and dramatic decrease a

Nitrogen is quantitatively the most important nutrient that plants acquire from the soil thanks to their roots. In many species, nitrate is the main source of nitrogen. However, nitrate concentration in the soil solution dramatically fluctuates in both time and space, which constitutes a major limit