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The subcellular architecture of the bacterial cell has become a central theme in prokaryotic biology. Indeed, since the bacterial cytoskeleton and regulated polarity were discovered, bacterial cells are no longer considered simple compartments where proteins achieve their function by simple diffusio

The emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis has played a crucial role in early Earth's history. Today, the only organisms that are capable of this process are the Cyanobacteria, as well as photosynthetic eukaryotes via their plastids, which derive from anciently enslaved cyanobacteria. Some cyanobacter

Moving without actin and myosin: sperm cell crawling in Caenorhabditis elegans Mammalian cell movement is powered by actin polymerization, in concert with molecular motors like myosin that confer contractility to the cell. The sperm cells of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contain a 'Major Sperm

The epithelium forms a vital part of all our tissues and organs. The adhesive properties of these cellular sheets and the ability of their component cells to change shape or to move are essential to generate the large number of tissues and organs that can be found in a multicellular organism. Conseq

Cast aside in recent years, natural product drug discovery is now making a comeback, for three reasons. Firstly, combinatorial chemistry's promise to fill drug development pipelines with new synthetic small-molecule drug candidates is as yet unfulfilled. Secondly, the practical difficulties of natur

Berkovich theory furnishes a general setting which allows one to talk about analytic varieties defined over arbitrary metrized fields while keeping good topological properties such as local connectedness and compactness. Introduced at the end of the 80's, this geometry has since then found numerous

In the last decade, the theory of representations of finite reflection groups and Hecke algebras has been developed in many different directions: algebra (representations of finite of p-adic or finite reductive groups and of Lie algebras, invariant theory, canonical bases of quantum groups, rational

Tremendous amount of work on molecular-based magnets has been reported in the literature. - Such magnetic compounds and particularly zero-dimensional clusters (so-called Single Molecule - Magnets, SMMs) are currently subjects to spectacular interest since original magnetic materials - with high-d

1) Scientific background and objectives: In the early 70's, American researchers have offered to the fluorescence microscopy community a new spectroscopy technique based on a statistical analysis of the emission of fluorophores in solution: the Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS). The observ

The richness of the optical and electronic properties of polypyridyl metallic complexes, and even more specifically those containing ruthenium centres, make these molecular objects ideal candidates for the formation of multifunctional composite nanomaterials with a gold core. The organization, the o

Scientific context and objectives: The interactions of bacteria with their close environment involve biological and/or physico-chemical phenomena that are difficult to quantify at a molecular scale. Over the past 10 years, most of the studies dedicated to deriving the surface properties of bacterial

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) represent a debilitating complication of levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), which underlying neural mechanisms are far from clear although major advances have been made in recent years. Once LID have appeared, they can be persistently triggered by a sing

All mammalian cells exhibit complex and dynamic patterns of intracellular membrane traffic which are required not only for the survival of individual cells, but also allow their assembly into complex multicellular structures. Although much has been learned concerning the mechanisms of transport ves

In higher eukaryotes, the expression of many cellular genes is tightly controlled by the AU-rich element (ARE), a post-transcriptional cis-regulatory sequence located in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of certain mRNAs. This element is an inhibitor of gene expression as it induces the degradation

NOMISMA. Coinage and its uses in the Eastern Mediterranean (5th – 1st c. BC). Local, regional and international commercial networks. For some years, the history of coinage in the ancient Greek world has been developing a radically different approach, with regard to both the methods and the results

This project aims at examining the processes of mobility, transformation, and power relations at stake in music and dance practices in the context of globalization. Recent studies of music and dance practices tend to center on the phenomenon of globalization. The present project extends the scope of

The House of Mame at Tours (1796-1975) : two centuries of publishing for young people The eponymous publishing house founded by Charles-Pierre Mame, in Angers in 1779, gave birth in Tours, a generation later, to what would become a publishing and printing empire in the 19th century. Two of Mame's so

Public-Private Interactions in the Production of Suburban areas (a game between individuals, private actors and local governments) Does suburbanization yield to new models in the production of urban space ? The issue raised connects to the genesis of urban edges' areas, and of the underlying forces

The 'ETHNOS' project aims to gain an understanding of consumer behaviour within the Muslim population in France, in particular within the North African and Turkish communities. Muslims represent a group that appears to be strongly attached to their own community. Furthermore, the group as a whole is

The methods developed in historical linguistics to study the evolution of languages are limited by a restricted quantitative dimension and a shortage of computational implementation. Few are the models which attempt to formalize diachronic processes, hampering the task of language reconstruction and

x x x x This project offers to introduce a new perspective that can allow developing research focused on CSR in the OB/HRM literature by investigating the likely influence of CSR on employees and their union representatives. Moreover, this research also aims at capturing this influence of CSR on emp

When a speaker produces an utterance, a variety of choices and decisions have to be made. The speaker needs to decide what (s)he wants to talk about (e.g. my Sunday morning or my Monday morning occupations?), then select the words that are most appropriate to express the message (e.g. should I say t

Spelling in French raises recurring problems and several studies show that such difficulties, specifically misspellings, can pose a major handicap to career achievement. Studies on spelling difficulties and the way to overcome them remain rare, particularly in comparison to studies on reading, both

Unlike animals, plants cannot escape adverse environments just by moving away. Plants live in fixed locations, and survive adversity by integrating growth responses to diverse environmental signals. For example, excess of salt in soil delays plant life-cycle and decreases yields. Therefore, understa

CLIM : Adaptation to a changing climate and the genetic basis of flowering time variation in pearl millet Sahelian countries have experienced a significant shift to drier climates in the last 40 years, and one of the major cereal crops in these countries is pearl millet. One of the most important a

Plants have a unique capacity for continuous postembryonic development linked to the existence of permanent stem cell niches, called meristems. Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) are located at the tips of stems and branches. They generate organs throughout the life of the plant and are at the basis of p

Abstract Biphasic flows are commonly produced by volcanic eruptions, from the gravitational collapse of eruptive columns or from parts of the edifices. These flows, consisting of volcanic particles and gas, have temperatures of several hundreds of degrees °C and propagate at velocities of up to seve

Despite significant advances in the description of molecular controls of gut development in different animal models, little works have been done on the pathways involved during visceral smooth muscle cell differentiation. This differentiation is often affected in patients with congenital malformatio

ABSTRACT: Chromosome segregation is a key process that maintains genomic stability. Defects in chromosome segregation can produce aneuploidy a phenomenon that is frequently observed in many cancer cell lines and tumours. That's why the mechanism by which the cells segregate their chromosomes is very

Hox genes are conserved transcription factors that orchestrate the anterior-posterior morphogenesis of metazoans. Despite intensive research investigations, little is known about how Hox genes and their downstream targets generate the complex patterns that eventually lead to formation of different b

The aim of this project is to detect early age-related memory deficit, occurring before neuronal death, and to characterize molecular and cellular processes sustaining these memory impairments. In order to manage the different aspects of the project we are going to associate our innovative behaviora

- - - - Besides being one of the key bricks in building nucleic acids, and being involved in energy generation through its phosphorylation to ATP, adenosine is also a neuromodulator playing a tissue protective and energy-sparing role. Under physiological conditions, extracellular adenosine concentra

Background: In 2007, 246 million adults worldwide (5.9% of the population) are estimated to have diabetes. Europe and North America have the highest prevalence rates. Despite major advances in treatment during the past decade, this 'epidemic' of diabetes remains a leading cause of death and disabili

Methylation is one of the major post-translational modifications present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Protein N-methylation in yeast is often involved in regulation, such as in the case of histones, where it is clearly linked to gene repression through heterochromatin fomation. This process

Gene regulation was up to recently believed to be exerted mainly by proteins. However it has become obvious that small non coding RNA may play an important role in the control of gene expression. The complete sequencing of many genomes from bacteria to mammals, led to the discovery of numerous RNAs,

Considerable progress has been made recently in generating electron and proton beams in high intensity (1E19W/cm²) femto-second laser pulse interactions with gaseous or solid targets. Typically 1E12 particles with an exponential-like energy distribution are produced in few picoseconds bunches. The d

This project takes place in the framework of vision-based modeling, identification and control of parallel robots. Those points are now fairly well studied, both from a pure robotic point of view and from the one of geometric vision applied to parallel robots, in a kinematic approach. However, the d

Bone materials take an important place among prehistoric materials as they record, as biomatérials, a wealth of information on the past way of life in their aspect, structure as well as in their chemical and isotopic composition. Therefore, many physico-chemical studies are devoted to the investigat

The success on the employment of a certain material for a targeted technical use depends to a large extent on their interfacial behaviour. Control of chemical composition (hydrophilic or hydrophobic regions), crystallinity, microdomains and morphology, roughness and topology can improve the surface

Tetrazoles (RCN4H) are often used as metabolism-resistant isosteric replacements for carboxylic acids (RCO2H) in medicinal chemistry. One of the most efficient preparations of these heterocycles involves organotin azide which induces the presence of tin byproducts difficult to eliminate and exhibiti

The present project deals with the use of Alkoxyamines as photoinitiator and mediator for the control of radical polymerization processes. These compounds correspond to the key molecules in Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP) i.e. by thermal activation both the initiation and control processes o

Scientific background and objectives The project is driven by a kernel team of 3 researchers in Nantes (in mathematics), with an associated researcher in Sophia-Antipolis (in imaging). It aims at building a mathematical model for the electro-physiological behavior of the human heart in real situatio

The control of systems of partial differential equations has been the scene of important developments in the 90s, in particular in controllability to the trajectories. The derivation of so-called Carleman estimates and their use in this framework has led to new results for the controllability of sem

The chemical properties of rare earth elements (REE) leads to characteristic REE signatures in waters where a process dominates, making of REE efficient l tracers. However, the theoretical basis is still lacking to relate a REE signature to a given process. It is recognized that REE distributions ar

This project is focused on the study of dislocations in deep Earth minerals. Dislocations are at the core of plastic behavior in crystals, development of lattice preferred orientations and anisotropy in deformed polycrystals. Until now, no technique could be used to study them directly in high press

Diagnosing the different causes of late allograft injury is a major challenge in transplantation but is necessary if more personalized and efficient immunosuppressive regimens are to be introduced. One of the main axes of our research group is the discovery of novel minimally-invasive biomarkers of

- - - - Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation plays a dominant role in signal transduction networks. However, for many years, protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation was considered a cell's regulatory arsenal that was exclusive to eukaryotes and it was only after a long period of controversy t

The gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen, able to secrete in the extracellular medium a wide range of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes. The Xcp Secreton, also called type 2 secretion system (T2SS) is a major pathway for the release of these virulence factors

Pentatrico-peptide repeat (PPR) proteins are encoded by a huge gene family in plants. They are also present in others eukaryotes but in much smaller numbers. Their function was recently associated with various plant specific post-transcriptionnal processes in organelles. Among them, translation and

The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the environment in which organisms evolve induces physiological, morphological, behavioural and ecological strategies (hereafter referred as ecophysiological trajectories) for facing the trade-offs between survival, growth and reproduction throughout life. Organi

Iron sulphur proteins are required for many essential processes for life, such as photosynthesis, respiration or nitrogen and sulphur assimilation. Nevertheless, the different pathways involved in iron sulphur assembly and biogenesis in plants are poorly described, although some proteins homologous

Climate change is now clearly established and is predicted to accelerate in the next century. One essential prerequisite for developing sound predictions regarding the impact of global warming on biodiversity is to understand the proximate mechanisms by which species will respond to environmental ch

Music information retrieval research area involves new methods for classification, indexation and retrieval of musical audio signals. One of the main open problems of this area is the estimation of music similarity between - musical pieces. This problem requires multidisciplinary expertise in vario

Pervasive Computing (PerCom) envisions the unobtrusive diffusion of computing and networking resources in physical environments, enabling users to access information and computation anywhere and at anytime, in a user-centric way. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a strategic domain for the EC that compl

The one-dimensional excitonic features of carbon nanotubes (CNT) optical transitions confer great potential on CNT for direct telecommunications applications at 1,55m. Regeneration signal in high-bit-rate long-haul optical fibre transmission systems based on saturable absorbers (SA) need efficient

Since the middle of the 1970s, the harsh effect of the natural radiation environment on the on-board electronic components in satellite is known. Two main failure effects have been observed. The first one is related to the dose effects, corresponding to a slow degradation of the devices electrical p

This project focusses on automatic methods for finding alternative formulations of a given optimization problem. These are usually expressed in terms of known parameters, decision variables (which may be integer and/or continuous), objective function(s) and constraints. Although equivalent formulati

The aim of the project is to draw connections between two independent research areas, namely the Cu(I)/ O2 interaction and the phenoxyl radical chemistries. These two chemistries are unambiguously connected in biological systems. In particular, some enzymes utilize very efficiently the Cu(I)/ O2 ent

Mammalian sleep comprises two major phases, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) also called rapid eye-movement sleep (REM) or dream sleep. These two sleep stages alternate with waking in a cyclic way and a constant order (PS always follows SWS) and rely on a network of cerebral structur

The PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway by an yet poorly define mechanism. This signal plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in relapse of transformed cells after chemotherapy. Fas belongs to the TNF-R (Tum

Researches of the second half of the XXth century have significantly improved our knowledge of the mechanisms generating and maintaining sleep. By contrast, sleep functions remain incompletely known. A large number of hypotheses converged to a physiological restoration function, for example energy c

Platelets are critical for normal haemostasis but are also centrally involved in pathological processes like thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Their deregulation can lead to bleeding or to arterial thrombosis, a primary cause of heart attack and ischemic stroke. Recently, they have also been implicate

The hepatocyte growth factor/ scatter factor (HGF/SF) acts through the MET tyrosine kinase receptor to promote survival, proliferation or motility of epithelial cells during normal development and tumour progression. Upon HGF/SF binding, the tyrosine kinase activity of MET is stimulated with autopho

Self versus non-self discrimination is a central theme in biology, extending from plants to vertebrates. Natural killer (NK) cells in the mammalian innate immune system constitute an experimental model system for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in these complex biologica

Abstract AIDS is one of the world's most devastating diseases, which has killed more than 25 million people and infected an estimated 40.3 million people worldwide. Production of HIV-1 infectious viral particles involves numerous interactions between viral and cellular proteins at each step of the v

Large-scale cDNA sequencing projects and systematic computational approaches have recently shown that an unexpected part of mammalian genomes is transcribed into RNA species lacking protein-coding potential (termed non-messenger RNAs or non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Although the functions of most of the

Hemophilia A is a rare X chromosome-linked recessive disorder that concerns 1/5000 individual. Genetic abnormalities in the FVIII gene result in qualitative or quantitative defects in FVIII production. In its severe form, hemophilia A is a life-threatening, crippling hemorrhagic disease. Treatment o

The Slc26 family is a conserved family of anion transporters implicated in several human disorders. We identified Tat1 (Testis Anion transporter) / Slc26A8 as a new member of this family and described its exclusive expression in human adult germ cells undergoing spermatogenesis. Using a gene targeti

Immune challenged vertebrates females transfer specific antibodies to their offspring, providing them with a temporary protection against the parasite during the time required for their immune system to mature. Invertebrates lack antibodies and, mainly for this reason, trans-generational transfer of

In Gram negative plant pathogenic bacteria hrp genes are essential for the establishment of plant disease. These genes encode a protein secretion system that governs injection of bacterial proteins into plant cells. These proteins, known as effectors, are the primary determinants for plant diseases.

Fire blight is a devastating bacterial disease of Maloideae, a tribe of Rosaceous plants that includes Apple. The causal agent is the enterobacteria Erwinia amylovora whose pathogenicity relies on a type III secretion system (T3SS) allowing the secretion in the plant apoplast or the injection into t

Scientific background and objectives Description of project, methodology Expected results Physical modelling of turbulent flow in the human upper airways 1. Scientific background and objectives Speech sounds are produced by fluctuations of the respiratory airflow through the upper airways. While imp

Sensor querying has become a very popular research topic in many areas of computer science such as networks, databases, embedded operating systems and more generally, ubiquitous computing. This is due to the fact that the contributions of these tiny yet intelligent devices to the new "information ev

This project is devoted to the development of original approaches for rewritable organic non-volatile memories with a density close to 1 bit per 20nm2 (30 Tbit per in2), stable at room temperature and under air pressure. - These devices will be based on: - 1) bottom-up construction of organic nanow

The objective of this research project is to develop the mathematical and algorithmic tools that enable us to study, model, and train systems of interdependent sub-systems. The research project is motivated by the data analysis problems in experimental physics. We propose to support these experiment

Automata theory is born fifty years ago with the seminal works of Kleene. Though the primary motivation was the study of neural networks, the application field has widely spread and now covers diversified topics such as linguistic, theory of control, biology, data compression, system analysis, among

We address the need for scientific methodology and optimal algorithms in P2P computing, and tackle the lack of practical P2P solutions for collaborative computing using unused desktop ressource within a large (possibly worldwide) private network. Our objectives are: - Leverage the pluridi

The main objective of the proposed project is to develop new types of ultra-fast switches operating in the RF- microwave and optical domains by using a class of materials undergoing fast reversible transitions from a semiconducting state to a metallic one (Metal- Insulator Transition – MIT). The fin

Our objectives are: - - 1. Increase your library of low-molecular-weight molecules (improve - diversity, currently 260 molecules) - 2. Extend the experimental screening of fragments by NMR and by X-ray - crystallography - 3. Optimizing maturation strategies of fragment hits into potent - high-molecu

Scientific background and objectives French policy on nuclear waste, based on the national law of 1991 (actualised in 2006), has been implemented within the framework of scientific research on 'Physico-chemistry of radionuclides at the solid-solution interface' included in the CNRS interdisciplinary

The aim of this project will be to develop and use innovative therapeutical concepts which combine an in situ dynamic and pre-organised chemical ligations (of which the click chemistry is an example) with a dynamic combinatorial chemistry. The concept we want to develop is to use a specific and bioc

Metabolic profiling has been revolutionized during the last 'post-genomic' decade: several aspects of analytical chemistry, statistics applied to chemistry (i.e. chemometrics), and metabolic biochemistry have merged together to form a new and very dynamic, truly interdisciplinary area of science. Am

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become widely used ligands since the beginning of this century. They are compatible with most transition metals and generally lead to air-stable and thermally robust complexes which do not undergo ligand dissociation. More importantly, they have shown a great pote

Within the framework of this project, we propose to develope molecular archaeology as a new research area. The aim is to study the precise molecular and isotopic composition of organic remains fixed on archaeological items such as adhesives, caulking, embalming material, perfumes, etc. Beyond the id

"Glass is certainly one of the oldest (7 000 B.C. for the first pure known glass) and most important materials in our society, widely used in many different areas either as a structural material (wind shield, aerial footbridge linking two buildings in Rotterdam...), an optical component (lenses, fib

In the field of biomedical ultrasound, conventional ultrasound imaging or ultrasound therapy techniques assume the investigated tissue to be homogeneous in terms of speed of sound in order to focus ultrasound. Such an assumption may be inadequate for some locations in the body. For instance, one of

NanoMétrETher project comes in the scope of the recent opening of a new research thematic on Micro and Nanoscales Heat Transfer in CETHIL aiming to display promising and emerging activities of young researchers. As transversal operation inside the MNSHT group, it represents the opportunity to reinfo

Gravitational flows occurring in mountainous areas represent a major concern for public authorities, populations, and local economy. The objective of MONHA project is to improve the scientific bases of engineering practices used to defend against these natural hazards. Specific consideration will be

Background: The proposed research takes place within the general context of wall-bounded shear flows and concerns both internal and external flows. This class of flows is found in a variety of practical configurations such as aircraft wings, ship hulls, turbomachinery elements, cooling fans... In al

Title: Crystal growth of materials with original physical properties in extreme conditions of pressure and temperature: from in-situ characterization of mechanisms involved to the understanding and full control of elaborated compounds The 'CrystalPress' project concerns the study of crystal growth u

Predicates of natural language like 'red', 'rich' or 'young' are vague, in the sense that they have borderline cases: for instance, we readily admit that an 18 year old is young, and that a 90 year old is not young, but it seems hardly possible to specify the precise age at which an individual would

Where there is a Taoist, there is a temple H Së¿ ß. So goes the proverb. Indeed, the modern history of Chinese temples and that of the Taoists seem to go hand in hand. Yet, while both temples and Taoists serve urban society, the relationship between the two has yet to be thoroughly analyzed. Most te

1. Scientific background and objectives Neuroscientists, psychologists and economists have recently begun to jointly study how strategic thinking and emotions related to reward, self-interest, or fairness regulate human individual and social behaviour. Our research program intends to combine efforts

The project PROGECESA aims to develop the role of the geophysical survey for the study of urban settlements from ancient Near East. The magnetic survey, whose realization is fast, less expensive and non destructive, allows the acquisition of new data on a site: the magnetic image is today on of the

This project aims at a systematic documentation and a phylogenetic assessment of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in the Muli Tibetan Autonomous County of Sichuan Province in China. We focus on those languages which are currently classified as belonging to the Southern branch of Qiangic, a putative

One of the main research orientations of the 'Tribochimie, Nanolubrifiants, and Modélisation' team of the LTDS is the development of suitable solutions in order to reduce the environmental risks related to the massive use of lubrication additives in the engine. Around these problems two research axe

"We want to focus on problems encountered in industrial processes such as glass or metal production. Therefore, the members of the project come from academic labs in the fields of Chemical Engineering, Fluid Mechanics and Energetic. They are supplemented with industrial colleagues who know the state

The main objective of the project BioPAC (Biofuel Combustion Emission Pollutant Reduction by Plasma Assisted by Catalysis) for the 'ANR Jeunes Chercheurs 2007' concerns the interaction between a plasma, a catalytic material and its porous support. The approach we propose consists to perform fundamen

Scientific background – Solid organic matter (OM) are commonly observed in rocks, in general with a sedimentary origin. Geological OM have been the subject of extensive studies by geoscientists as well as organic (geo)chemists. Solid OM are now recognised as important actors and/or tracers in severa

The characterisation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarisation is one of the next challenges in observational cosmology. This is especially true for the so-called B-modes that are at least three orders of magnitude lower than CMB temperature fluctuations. A precise measurement of the angular

The Neoproterozoic-Cambrian transition (about 580-520 Ma) records one of the most important events in the evolution of the Biosphere on Earth. This biotic event, also known as the Cambrian explosion , is characterized by the emergence and diversification of almost all extant metazoan phyla and numer

A key question in the formation and evolution of galaxies is the epoch and mechanisms of mass assembly. Proging the dynamics, and hence the gravitational mass, of high-redshift galaxies is crucial for this purpose but is limited, up to now, to a few limited-size samples. We propose in this project t

Since their discovery by Hess (1912), the understanding of the origin of Galactic cosmic rays remains a recalcitrant problem. It raises a number of questions related to the origin of the energy, the acceleration mechanism at work, the maximum energy and spectral form produced by this mechanism and t

1- Scientific background and objectives The goal of data assimilation is to combine optimally various sources of data, typically a model and observations, to estimate the state of a physical system. One of the main drawbacks of sequential data assimilation methods, such as the Kalman filter, is that

Quantum Hall physics - the study of two-dimensional (2D) electrons in a strong magnetic field - has provided a stream of exotic and unexpected phenomena over the last 25 years. Most saliently, the integral and fractional quantum Hall effects (IQHE and FQHE, Nobel Prizes in 1995 and 1998) have joined

This proposal in the Mosaic group in the Fresnel Institute (Marseille), concerns the development of a new nonlinear microscopy technique based on the spectral coherent control, in phase and polarization, of the optical excitation. This technique will be dedicated to the observation of the dynamic of

Through evolution, living organisms have developed specific responses to cope with fluctuations of their environment such as osmotic shocks, temperature shifts, oxidative damages, chemical toxicity... To do so, a single cell has to detect environmental changes (specialized sensor proteins), signal t

Obtained from the leafs of coca and being presented in the form of a white powder, cocaine is the most tested illicit substance if the cannabis is excluded. The crack is a form derived from the cocaïne, obtained by bicarbonate addition. The traffic of cocaine towards the european market does not cea

Complex macromolecular architectures are not current and difficult to obtain in a controlled fashion by classical polymerization techniques. Difficulties for obtaining well defined structures slow down the development of researches which could lead, through the analysis of the physicochemical proper

The design of new radiopharmaceuticals and contrast agents (CA) represents an important field of research. These classes of compounds are valuable tools for non-invasive diagnosis of numerous diseases such as cancers. Two different techniques are currently used for in vivo imaging. 1-Magnetic Resona

"Water vapour is an essential component of the climatic system. On one hand, it has a strong influence on chemical components of the atmosphere, due to it being the major source of OH radicals; on the other hand, its emissions of infrared radiations make it the most important greenhouse gas. - In th

The apparent discrepancy between geologic and geodetic estimates of slip rate on the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) north of the Tibetan Plateau lies at the heart of the current debate about the mechanical response of the continental lithosphere to active continental collision; does Tibet deform as a system

Nowadays, subsurface landfill is the main final destination of household and industrial wastes and residues obtained after incineration (bottom and fly ashes). According to the European legislation, engineered clay barriers are put on the sides and bottom of each pit, in order to prevent any polluti

"Within the past few years, there has been an increasing interest towards organic optoelectronics. Many devices have been developed and pushed towards commercialization: sensors, photodetectors, photovoltaic cells, and Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). The latter have reached such a degree of m

Organostannic derivatives are known for their strong toxicity and the current challenge consists in avoiding any contamination by stannic residues when these derivatives are used. As an example, usual procedures employing stannic compounds in industrial synthesis of pharmaceutical products prove com

"Understanding and controlling the organization of colloidal particles in a fluid is a challenge that would allow for the preparation of new materials with various structures and functionalities. Indeed, the wide diversity of geometries that can be produced in soft matter systems (nematic, cubic, he

Cellulose, chitin and starch are natural homopolymers that occur in various tissues with common feature bearing well-defined crystallites of nanometric sizes. Cellulose and chitin essentially have a role of tensile load bearing whereas starch is a compact form of carbohydrate storage. Due to a fairl

The 'Polymer Materials Engineering' (IMP, UMR 5223, Lyon) and the 'Léon Brillouin Laboratory' (LLB, UMR 12, Saclay) are the two CNRS partners involved in this highly interdisciplinary project. Electrostatically driven LbL self-assembly is the most studied and applied technique for the elaboration of

The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases is an ever increasing source of concern. Understanding the dynamics of parasite populations may help limit the potentially devastating consequences of epidemics for animal and plant species. Yet a full comprehension of this dynamics requires mult

Over the past few years inhibition of protein-protein interactions by synthetic compounds has emerged as an exciting and realistic technology to interfere with regulatory processes in living organisms. We propose an innovative strategy to design potent inhibitors of macromolecular interactions. The

Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental regulatory principle in living organisms. This temporal regulation is under the control not of a single, central circadian clock but of a circadian network comprising different oscillatory units organized in three levels: a suprachiasmatic clock (SCN), still co

In vertebrate embryos, a part of mesodermal derivatives is composed of somites.Somitic cells will evolve in adults in skeletal muscles, bones and derm. Somites are organised in a segmented manner, as they are present as a series of repetitive, quasi-identical, metameric units along the embryonic

EUTERPE aims to gather, analyze and publish documents about the end of «Scientific Poetry» in French, a literary genre which has ceased to exist, and whose disappearance took place at a time when relations between poetry and sciences underwent major changes. In charge of praising, spreading and comm

This study, which fits in the field of research, Law and Finance, consists in studying both ex post and ex ante efficiency of the two French legal procedures to resolve consumers' financial distress: the debt refinancing plan designed by the 'commission de surendettement' and the new legal procedure

Many questions about the climate change concern the geosystems at small scales. The results of the global climatic models show a climatic change during the XXIth century. The climatic change will have effects at small scales and on vine growing. The knowledge of the climatic change is necessary to d

REPER – Abstract This project intends to reexamine in depth the history of art during the years 1945-1960, in a European perspective, but which will take into account the specificity of each national context as well as any common features, in order to provide new elements for an understanding of Eur

When increasing the electric charge of a finite-size system, at a certain point it becomes unstable. The Coulomb instability has been studied in the case of fissile nuclei, metal clusters and micro-droplets. However, the study of the deformation dynamics leading to fission remains a difficult task.

The incorporation of nonlinear phenomena and uncertainties in complex mechanical systems presently gives rise to major problems during the design and construction of industrial structures and buildings. It is clear that optimizing mechanical structures with respect to their vibrational behavior requ

The project is managed by physicists members of the LHCb collaboration. The LHCb experiment is a Particle Physics experiment which will take place at CERN using proton collisions produced by the next Large Hadron Collider (LHC) which is under construction and which will start during the year 2008. T

Thanks to recent technological progress, the realization of a wide range of quantum states is now possible, and paves the way to the actual implementation of the quantum information technology that has been theoretically developped in the last decade. Measuring a quantum state from observations tha

Scientific background and objectives Description of project, methodology Expected results Strangely enough, Augustinism, which is essential in the study of seventeenth-century French philosophy and literature, is almost absent from the research in Spanish Studies over the same period. Though Neoplat

The objective of this project is the realisation of a new generation of Terahertz (THz) waveguide and the fabrication of an elementary component, the resonator, in the prospect of improving the conception of more complex and integrated THz systems. THz refers to electromagnetic wave spectrum form 10

The project wants to investigate physical interactions inherent to welding arc. The analysis of the interaction is based on fine multiphysical instrumentation during the process. Coupling information will enable us to understand and model some unexplained phenomenas. From the thermal point of view,

With the development of PET = positron emission tomography (or as it is more appropriate to denote it PET = positron emission tracer technique) as a general in vivo tracer method, the opportunity has opened up to perform non-perturbated observations in vivo both in research animals and in humans. PE

When upper mantle rocks deform, they acquire a lattice-preferred orientation which makes them anisotropic for seismic wave propagation. Thus, studying seismic anisotropy allows us to constrain localization of deformation and the modes of deformation of the continental lithosphere, which remain poorl

This project concerns materials with strong electronic correlations. It is organized around two axes of attack: electronic structure methods (such as density functional theory (DFT) - most often used within the local density approximation (LDA)) and the tools of the many-body problem (in particular

Electromechanical systems at the micron scale (MEMS) are already essential components for certain everyday objects such as for example car airbags. The microelectronics industry predicts a great future for MEMS because their further miniaturization to the nanometric scale, NEMS, will give rise to de

The goal of this project is to conduct a thorough study of the vast network of links joining the theory of automorphic forms and other branches of mathematics and theoretical physics. Our efforts will be trained on two important aspects: 1) the advancement of techniques developed for the study

Aim: The aim of this research project is to develop at the CEMES an original method to measure magnetic dichroism in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), in order to study the local electronic and magnetic structure of nanomaterials. We aim to reach a nanometer scale probe and a signal/noise ra

Lagoons contribute highly to marine coastal zones' productivity. Their positioning at the sea-continent interface explains their richness but exposes them to numerous climatic and anthropic constraints. The amplification of these constraints threatens lagoon ecosystems' functioning. Therefore, it is

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) occurring in adolescents is associated with an extremely bad prognostic (mortality is 12 times higher than in same age normal individuals). Hospitalisation treatment programs vary a lot and they have never been compared to one another. Although these hospitalisations last long

The massive extinction of species and populations is a major concern today. To solve this crisis, we need conservation programs dedicated to the preservation of small populations that are particularly vulnerable. One method widely available to guide such conservation programs is Population Viability

Colonisation and spatial expansion of a plant species is a major phenomenon in ecology, evolutionary biology, population genetics, and biogeography. This phenomenon must also be taken into consideration in management strategies related to spatial expansion of invasive species, species displacement i

Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division and consists in the physical separation of the daughter cell. It is a complex process that starts with the contraction of an actin / Myosin II ring and therefore the pinching of the plasma membrane at the cell equator. The sister cells are then connecte

Nominalizations, i.e. nouns morphologically derived from verbs (e.g. construction) or from adjectives (e.g. sadness), have continued to occupy a central place in grammatical analysis, but linguists have limited their investigation almost exclusively to relationships involving the participant roles i

This project analyses the trans-border mobility and exchanges between Israel, the Palestinian territories and their neighbouring countries since the signing of the Oslo Agreement (1993). It is because these exchanges and mobility take place at the margins of groups predefined according to administra

This research project aims at performing a large assessment of the French public regulation of politics financing. Based on a pluridisciplinary team, the main objectives consist in analysing the influence of the current finance regulation on the electoral process by raising five relevant issues : (1

1/ Aims The young research group BIOSEX aims at a general study of the concept of the bio-medical concept of sex. It is innovative in the French context, insofar as, up to now, there has been no comprehensive study of this concept, conducted with the methods of history and philosophy of science (HP

Archaeological research carried out for more than a century in the area of Balkans has revealed up to now a great number of prehistoric settlements, spanning in age from the beginning of the 6th millennium BC (Early Neolithic in local terminology) until the end of the 2nd millennium BC (Late Bronze

Deductive reasoning and probabilistic judgment are rational human activities, for which well-formalized mathematical theories provide a normative benchmark. Decades of research in the cognitive sciences have shown impressive departures from this normative benchmark when human subjects engage in rati

1- Scientific background and objectives. Dielectric materials are commonly used in the structure of satellites. By nature, they can easily get electrically charged while they are submitted to various radiation sources. Under specific conditions, these internal of surface can lead to electrostatic di

The aim of this study is to integrate the expertise of fire safety engineering and environmental impact through the assessment of the combustion products issued from a fire. Legislations, standards and codes will be affected by a better understanding. The specific objective is to study the solid pha

Our project deals with the restoration and the enhancement of moving pictures. More precisely, it aims at the suppression of occluding defects, the restoration of radiometric impairments and the development of super-resolution techniques. Objectives: Develop fast and automatic algorithms yieldin

1. Scientific background and objectives The technology of absorption heat pump proposes, through the heat transformer cycle, an interesting way to upgrade industrial waste heat. Unfortunately, the performances of these energy converters are moderate: the thermal yield (upgraded energy at high temper

In spite of its success in explaining strong interaction between elementary constituents of matter, Quantum Chromodynamics does not provide the non-perturbative description of the proton and other hadrons as composites of confined, relativistic quark and gluon quanta. A particularly powerful tool

Up to now, the prediction of the thermal radiative properties of the ceramic materials appears tricky since the influence of their multi-scale structure on theses properties still remains few understood. The knowledge of the properties of the pure homogenous phase of the material i.e. the single cry

Development of porous semiconductor organic networks by molecular tectonic: The pi-conjugated oligomers have remarkable electronic and optical properties which can result in applications in the fields of optoelectronics (electroluminescent diodes, photovoltaic cells) and of optics (ultrasensitive de

We want study the dynamics of holomorphic and meromorphic maps in several complex variables. The study of these maps started with E. Bedford, J.E. Fornaess, M. Lyubich, N. Sibony and J. Smillie's fundamental works. Actually, this subject is very important in mathematics and receives more attention.